The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment.

The set of specific processes that generate the ability of an organism to induce an abnormal, generally detrimental state in another organism.

The process in which a multicellular organism, a unicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.

The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape in response to deprivation of nourishment.

The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone, the gamma-lactone (5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone, the gamma-lactone (5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one.

A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins.

Any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid.

The component of the mitochondrial outer membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

The component of the mitochondrial outer membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.