The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 9 of the histone.

The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

The modification of histones by addition of methyl groups.

The modification of histone H3 by addition of two methyl groups to lysine at position 9 of the histone.

The modification of histone H3 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 9 of the histone.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fungicide stimulus. Fungicides are chemicals used to kill fungi.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression; the process is mitotically or meiotically heritable, or is stably self-propagated in the cytoplasm of a resting cell, and does not entail a change in DNA sequence.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the instar larva or pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.

Progression of the wing disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the wing hinge, wing blade and pleura.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 4 of histone H3.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 9 of histone H3.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation.

Locomotory behavior in a larval (immature) organism.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

The series of molecular signals generated by ecdysone binding to the ecdysone receptor complex.

A decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. This is exemplified by the failure of a person to show a startle response to a loud noise that has been repeatedly presented.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the antiviral response of a cell or organism.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.

The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 9 of the histone.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 dimethylation.

The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.

The covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine.

The covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine.

Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic chromatin.

Repression of transcription of telomeric DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.

The modification of histones by addition of methyl groups.

The modification of histones by addition of methyl groups.

The modification of histones by addition of methyl groups.

The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine.

The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine.

Repression of transcription of centromeric DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.

The modification of a histone by addition of one or more methyl groups to a lysine residue.

The modification of histone H3 by addition of two methyl groups to lysine at position 9 of the histone.

The modification of histone H3 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 9 of the histone.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression; the process is mitotically or meiotically heritable, or is stably self-propagated in the cytoplasm of a resting cell, and does not entail a change in DNA sequence.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior.

The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the female gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the female gametes.

The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.

The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.

The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 9 of the histone.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.

An epigenetic RNA-based gene silencing process first elucidated in plants whereby 24-nt small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) guide DNA methyltransferases to the siRNA-generating genomic loci and other loci that are homologous to the siRNAs for de novo DNA methylation. In general this process consists of three phases: biogenesis of siRNAs, scaffold RNA production, and the formation of the guiding complex that recruits de novo DNA methyltransferases to the target loci.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Repression of transcription of ribosomal DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.

Repression of transcription of ribosomal DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.

Repression of transcription of ribosomal DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.

Repression of transcription of ribosomal DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.

Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent.

The tube morphogenesis process in which the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration. Heart looping begins with dextral-looping and ends when the main regional divisions of the mature heart and primordium of the great arterial trunks become established preceeding septation.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.

The covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine.

Any process in which DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure.

Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic chromatin.

Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic chromatin.

Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic chromatin.

Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic chromatin.

Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic chromatin.

The formation or destruction of chromatin structures.

The formation or destruction of chromatin structures.

The formation or destruction of chromatin structures.

Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin occurring throughout the cell division cycle. These changes range from the local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation.

Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin occurring throughout the cell division cycle. These changes range from the local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation.

Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin occurring throughout the cell division cycle. These changes range from the local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation.

Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin occurring throughout the cell division cycle. These changes range from the local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation.

Repression of transcription by altering the structure of chromatin, e.g. by conversion of large regions of DNA into an inaccessible state often called heterochromatin.

Repression of transcription by altering the structure of chromatin, e.g. by conversion of large regions of DNA into an inaccessible state often called heterochromatin.

Repression of transcription of telomeric DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.

Repression of transcription of telomeric DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.

The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles.

The cell cycle process in which the synaptonemal complex is formed. This is a structure that holds paired chromosomes together during prophase I of meiosis and that promotes genetic recombination.

A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the male germline.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry.

The process that determines which donor locus a cell uses, in preference to another, in mating type switching.

Any process that modulates the size of a cell.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment.

The introduction and uptake of foreign genetic material (DNA or RNA) into a cell, and often the expression of that genetic material.

The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant.

A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chitin stimulus.

Any process involved in maintaining the methylation state of a nucleotide sequence.

The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 or N-4 of a cytosine located within a CG sequence in a DNA molecule.

Any process carried out at the cellular level that results in either long-term transcriptional repression via action on chromatin structure or RNA mediated, post-transcriptional repression of gene expression.

Any process carried out at the cellular level that results in either long-term transcriptional repression via action on chromatin structure or RNA mediated, post-transcriptional repression of gene expression.

The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a histone protein.

The modification of histones by addition of methyl groups.

The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form either the mono-, di- or trimethylated derivative.

The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-methyl-L-lysine.

The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-methyl-L-lysine.

The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine.

The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine.

Generation of cells within the nervous system.

Repression of transcription at silent mating-type loci by alteration of the structure of chromatin.

Repression of transcription of centromeric DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the exocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The exocrine pancreas produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the exocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The exocrine pancreas produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells.

Repression of transcription by conversion of large regions of DNA into heterochromatin, directed by small RNAs sharing sequence identity to the repressed region.

Repression of transcription by conversion of large regions of DNA into heterochromatin, directed by small RNAs sharing sequence identity to the repressed region.

The assembly of chromatin into heterochromatin, a compact and highly condensed form that is often, but not always, transcriptionally silent.

Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell.

The modification of a histone by addition of one or more methyl groups to a lysine residue.

The modification of a histone by addition of one or more methyl groups to a lysine residue.

The increase in size or mass of an organ. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that function together as to perform a specific function.

A reversible switch of a cell from one cell type or form to another, at a frequency above the expected frequency for somatic mutations. Phenotypic switching involves changes in cell morphology and altered gene expression patterns. For example, Candida albicans switches from white cells to opaque cells for sexual mating. Phenotypic switching also occurs in multicellular organisms; smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exhibit phenotypic transitions to allow rapid adaption to fluctuating environmental cues.

An increase in the epigenetic methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in DNA.

The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 14 of the histone.

The cell cycle process in which the dynamic reorganization of telomeres occurs in early meiotic prophase, during which meiotic chromosome ends are gathered in a bouquet arrangement at the inner surface of the nuclear envelope proximal to the spindle pole body. This plays an important role in progression through meiosis and precedes synapsis.

Any epigenetic process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of gene expression.

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a cocaine stimulus.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the leaf over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription involved in the meiotic cell cycle.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription involved in the meiotic cell cycle.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. This term covers covalent modifications at the molecular level as well as spatial relationships among the major components of a chromosome.

The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 9 of the histone.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 9 of histone H3.

The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell in a camera-type eye.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell in a camera-type eye.

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing, the transcriptional or post-transcriptional process carried out at the cellular level that results in long-term gene inactivation.

The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 27 of the histone.

Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic heterochromatin and contributes to chromatin silencing.

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the left/right axis. The left/right axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral axes. Each side is defined from the viewpoint of the organism rather of the observer (as per anatomical axes).

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the production of siRNA, the cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides, in the context of RNA interference.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the repression of transcription by methylation of DNA, leading to the formation of heterochromatin.

Any heterochromatin maintenance that is involved in chromatin silencing at centromere outer repeat region.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome assembly.

Repression of transcription of DNA at the outer repeat region of a regional centromere by altering the structure of chromatin.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

A discrete extra-nucleolar subnuclear domain, 20-50 in number, in which splicing factors are seen to be localized by immunofluorescence microscopy.

A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

A stretch of less tightly packed chromatin along the polytene chromosome, found between bands.

A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

Any protein complex that mediates changes in chromatin structure that result in transcriptional silencing.

A condensed form of chromatin, occurring in the nucleus during interphase, that stains strongly with basophilic dyes. The DNA of heterochromatin is typically replicated at a later stage in the cell-division cycle than euchromatin.

The region of a chromosome that includes the centromeric DNA and associated proteins. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome.

The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome.

The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome.

The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome.

The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome in the nucleus.

The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome in the nucleus.

A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin.

A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin.

A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct nuclear chromosome.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

Any protein complex that mediates changes in chromatin structure that result in transcriptional silencing.

A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.

A type of chromosome in a polyploid cell, formed when multiple copies of homologous chromosomes are aligned side by side to give a giant chromosome in which distinct chromosome bands are readily visible.

A region at which the centric regions of polytene chromosomes are joined together.

A condensed form of chromatin, occurring in the nucleus during interphase, that stains strongly with basophilic dyes. The DNA of heterochromatin is typically replicated at a later stage in the cell-division cycle than euchromatin.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

Extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.

Extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.

A discrete extra-nucleolar subnuclear domain, 20-50 in number, in which splicing factors are seen to be localized by immunofluorescence microscopy.

Nuclear heterochromatin that is located adjacent to the CENP-A rich centromere 'central core' and characterized by the modified histone H3K9me3.

Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at silenced mating-type loci.

A region of heterochromatin located at the rDNA repeats in a chromosome.

A region of heterochromatin located at the rDNA repeats in a chromosome.

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.

An cullin-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase/histone H3-K9 methyltransferase complex essential for heterochromatin assembly by RNAi.

The microtubule organizing center that forms as part of the mitotic cell cycle; functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.

Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at the subtelomeric regions of a chromosome in the nucleus.