The chemical reactions and pathways involving superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species.

The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.

Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

The process aimed at the progression of a microglial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.

Confining TGFbeta to the extracellular matrix (ECM) such that it is separated from other components of the signaling pathway, including its cell surface receptor. TGFbeta is secreted as part of a latent complex that is targeted to the extracellular matrix through latent-TGFbeta-binding protein (LTBP)-mediated association with matrix proteins.

The release of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) from its latent state.

The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.