The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-gluconate, the anion of D-gluconic acid, the aldonic acid derived from glucose.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.

A pathway that converts a carbohydrate to pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate by producing 6-phosphogluconate and then dehydrating it.

The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo sac over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the meiosis of the megasporocyte to form four haploid megaspores. Three of the megaspores disintegrate, and the fourth undergoes mitosis giving rise to a binucleate syncytial embryo sac. The two haploid nuclei migrate to the opposite poles of the embryo sac and then undergo two rounds of mitosis generating four haploid nuclei at each pole. One nucleus from each set of four migrates to the center of the cell. Cellularization occurs, resulting in an eight-nucleate seven-celled structure. This structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center. The two polar nuclei fuse resulting in a mononucleate diploid endosperm mother cell. The three antipodal cells degenerate.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pollen grain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the meiosis of the microsporocyte to form four haploid microspores. The nucleus of each microspore then divides by mitosis to form a two-celled organism, the pollen grain, that contains a tube cell as well as a smaller generative cell. The pollen grain is surrounded by an elaborate cell wall. In some species, the generative cell immediately divides again to give a pair of sperm cells. In most flowering plants, however this division takes place later, in the tube that develops when a pollen grain germinates.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactonate, the anion of galactonic acid, an organic acid derived from the sugar galactose.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The root is the water- and mineral-absorbing part of a plant which is usually underground, does not bear leaves, tends to grow downwards and is typically derived from the radicle of the embryo.

The chemical reactions and pathways involving leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones, which are themselves formed by repetitive head-to-tail addition of acetyl (or substituted acetyl) units indirectly derived from acetate (or a substituted acetate) by a mechanism similar to that for fatty acid biosynthesis but without the intermediate reductive steps.

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.

A chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma.

Any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid.

The space enclosed by the double membrane of a chloroplast but excluding the thylakoid space. It contains DNA, ribosomes and some temporary products of photosynthesis.