The characteristic movement of cells from the dorsal ridge of the neural tube to a variety of locations in a vertebrate embryo.

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The extension of new blood vessels from existing vessels into avascular tissues, this process includes the specialization of endothelial cells into leading tip and stalk cells, proliferation and migration of the endothelial cells and cell adhesion resulting in angiogenic sprout fusion or lumen formation.

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The characteristic movement of cells from the dorsal ridge of the neural tube to a variety of locations in a vertebrate embryo.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon outgrowth.

The collection of motor neuron axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.

The organization process that preserves a neuron projection in a stable functional or structural state. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface.

The process of coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system.

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The collection of axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the facial nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The progression of the olfactory bulb over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory bulb coordinates neuronal signaling involved in the perception of smell. It receives input from the sensory neurons and outputs to the olfactory cortex.

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.

The movement of trunk neural crest cells from the neural tube, travelling ventrally through the anterior half of each sclerotome. Trunk neural crest cells that remain in the sclerotome form the dorsal root ganglia containing the sensory neurons. Trunk neural crest cells that continue more ventrally form the sympathetic ganglia, the adrenal medulla, and the nerve clusters surrounding the aorta.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the enteric nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The enteric nervous system is composed of two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gall bladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation.

The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in a nerve are generated and organized. This term refers to an anatomical structure (nerve) not a cell (neuron).

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.

The long distance growth of a single cell process, that is involved in the migration of an axon growth cone, where the migration is directed to a specific target site by a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The long distance growth of a single cell process, that is involved in the migration of an axon growth cone, where the migration is directed to a specific target site by a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a chemical.

The process in which a salivary epithelial cord bifurcates at its end.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sympathetic ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sympathetic ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand.

Long distance growth of a single sympathetic neuron projection involved in cellular development. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.

Long distance growth of a single sympathetic neuron projection involved in cellular development. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.

The process in which the migration of a sympathetic neuron projection is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The process in which the migration of a sympathetic neuron projection is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

Any neural crest cell migration that is involved in autonomic nervous system development.

Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in neuron projection guidance.

Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in neuron projection guidance.

Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in axon guidance.

The process of coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system.

The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes.

The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo.

The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes.

The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature.

The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix.

The reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.

Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction.

The extension of new blood vessels from existing vessels into avascular tissues, this process includes the specialization of endothelial cells into leading tip and stalk cells, proliferation and migration of the endothelial cells and cell adhesion resulting in angiogenic sprout fusion or lumen formation.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.

The process in which the right cardiac ventricle is generated and organized.

The progression of the pulmonary myocardium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The pulmonary myocardium is the myocardial tissue present in the pulmonary vein.

A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.

A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.

Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In Drosophila the larval heart (dorsal vessel) is a continuous tube of mesodormal cells that runs beneath the dorsal midline of the epidermis, divided into an anterior aorta and a posterior heart proper.

Any process that modulates the surface configuration of a cell.

Any process that modulates the surface configuration of a cell.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).

The process aimed at the progression of a neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neural crest cell.

The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis.

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the hindbrain.

The progression of the olfactory bulb over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory bulb coordinates neuronal signaling involved in the perception of smell. It receives input from the sensory neurons and outputs to the olfactory cortex.

The progression of the olfactory bulb over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory bulb coordinates neuronal signaling involved in the perception of smell. It receives input from the sensory neurons and outputs to the olfactory cortex.

The directional movement of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone producing neuron from the nasal placode to the hypothalamus.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium.

Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon outgrowth.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon outgrowth.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon outgrowth.

The regrowth of fin tissue following its loss or destruction.

The regrowth of fin tissue following its loss or destruction.

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart tube forms as the heart rudiment from the heart field.

The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the differentiation of an endothelial cell that will form de novo blood vessels and tubes.

Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.

The orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels during angiogenesis.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the enteric nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The enteric nervous system is composed of two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gall bladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sympathetic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components.

The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.

The process in which the anatomical structures of arterial blood vessels are generated and organized. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and its organs.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sensory system over time from its formation to the mature structure.

Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the peripheral nervous system. The axon carries action potential from the cell body towards target cells.

Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the peripheral nervous system. The axon carries action potential from the cell body towards target cells.

Any process that modulates the physical form of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).

Any process that modulates the physical form of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a chemical.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cartilage element over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage elements are skeletal elements that consist of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.

The process pertaining to the initial formation of a limb bud from unspecified parts. This process begins with the formation of a local condensation of mesenchyme cells within the prospective limb field, and ends when a limb bud is recognizable.

The process in which the anatomical structures of skeletal joints are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. A skeletal joint is the connecting structure between the bones of the skeleton.

The neurite development process that generates a long process of a neuron, as it invades a target tissue.

The neurite development process that generates a long process of a neuron, as it invades a target tissue.

The process in which a salivary epithelial cord bifurcates at its end.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trigeminal ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The process in which a neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue.

A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand.

A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand.

A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand.

Any process that modulates the physical form of a postsynapse.

Any process that modulates the physical form of a postsynapse.

A transition where a cardiac endothelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. Endocardial cells (specialized endothelial cells that line the heart) undergo EndMT, and give rise to mesenchymal cells necessary for proper heart development. EndMT, specifically generates valve progenitor cells that give rise to the mitral and tricuspid valves. EndMT also contributes to endocardial cushion formation, as well as to generation of cardiac fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, but not cardiac myocytes.

The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic tree are generated on the basal neuron side and organized into dendritic branches.

The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic tree are generated on the basal neuron side and organized into dendritic branches.

The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic tree are generated on the basal neuron side and organized into dendritic branches.

Any neural crest cell migration that is involved in autonomic nervous system development.

Any neural crest cell migration that is involved in sympathetic nervous system development.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin cytoskeleton reorganization.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin cytoskeleton reorganization.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration.

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.

An extracellular matrix consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that provides not only essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents but can also initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. The components are secreted by cells in the vicinity and form a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells.

A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.

A synapse that uses glutamate as a neurotransmitter.

A synapse that uses glutamate as a neurotransmitter.

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).

The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.

The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.

A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, morphology. Dendrites receive and integrate signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conduct nerve impulses towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.

A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, morphology. Dendrites receive and integrate signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conduct nerve impulses towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.