The extension of new blood vessels from existing vessels into avascular tissues, this process includes the specialization of endothelial cells into leading tip and stalk cells, proliferation and migration of the endothelial cells and cell adhesion resulting in angiogenic sprout fusion or lumen formation.

The extension of new blood vessels from existing vessels into avascular tissues, this process includes the specialization of endothelial cells into leading tip and stalk cells, proliferation and migration of the endothelial cells and cell adhesion resulting in angiogenic sprout fusion or lumen formation.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.

A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand.

A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand.

The attachment of a plasma membrane adhesion molecule in one cell to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell.

The attachment of a plasma membrane adhesion molecule in one cell to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

Any process that modulates the surface configuration of a cell.

Any process that modulates the surface configuration of a cell.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.

Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in cellular development.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis.

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical.

The process in which dendrites recognize and avoid contact with sister dendrites from the same cell.

A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand.

A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand.

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a neuron in the olfactory bulb is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a sensory neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. A sensory neuron is an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses.

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a sensory neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. A sensory neuron is an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses.

The process of coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system.

The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes.

The last step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline.

The last step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into an amino acid in a protein.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into an amino acid in a protein.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.

The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.

A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane (PMID:24568158 and PMID:16902576).

The expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.

The expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).

Any process that modulates the surface configuration of a cell.

Any process that modulates the surface configuration of a cell.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.

The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.

The orderly movement of angioblasts, cells involved in blood vessel morphogenesis.

The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.

Any process that modulates the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.

Any process that modulates the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.

The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.

The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.

The process occurring in the embryo by which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic eye are generated and organized.

The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites.

The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites.

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical.

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.

The directed movement of a motile cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).

The directed movement of a motile cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).

The directed movement of a motile cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).

Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that contributes to bone trabecula morphogenesis.

Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that contributes to bone trabecula morphogenesis.

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an excitatory synapse.

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an excitatory synapse.

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inhibitory synapse.

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inhibitory synapse.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, morphology. Dendrites receive and integrate signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conduct nerve impulses towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.

A stable binary complex of a neurophilin and a plexin, together forming a functional semaphorin receptor.

A stable binary complex of a neurophilin and a plexin, together forming a functional semaphorin receptor.

A stable binary complex of a neurophilin and a plexin, together forming a functional semaphorin receptor.

A stable binary complex of a neurophilin and a plexin, together forming a functional semaphorin receptor.

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

An extracellular matrix consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that provides not only essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents but can also initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. The components are secreted by cells in the vicinity and form a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells.

A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.