Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins, the length of telomeric DNA and the replication and repair of the DNA. These processes includes those that shorten, lengthen, replicate and repair the telomeric DNA sequences.

The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix.

The cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate. This results in the equal exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes. These reciprocal recombinant products ensure the proper segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I and create genetic diversity.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination during mitosis.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination during mitosis.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination during mitosis.

The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule.

The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang.

Synthesis of DNA that proceeds from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end and uses the homologous intact duplex as the template.

The rejection of the broken 3' single-strand DNA molecule that formed heteroduplex DNA with its complement in an intact duplex DNA. The Watson-Crick base pairing in the original duplex is restored. The rejected 3' single-strand DNA molecule reanneals with its original complement to reform two intact duplex molecules.

The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of DNA. DNA replication begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by initiation proteins, and ends when the original DNA molecule has been completely duplicated and the copies topologically separated. The unit of replication usually corresponds to the genome of the cell, an organelle, or a virus. The template for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA.

The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.

The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.

The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.

The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix.

The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix.

The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix.

The repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the two broken ends are rejoined with little or no sequence complementarity. Information at the DNA ends may be lost due to the modification of broken DNA ends. This term covers instances of separate pathways, called classical (or canonical) and alternative nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ and A-NHEJ). These in turn may further branch into sub-pathways, but evidence is still unclear.

Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Intrachromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction.

Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Intrachromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction.

Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Intrachromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.

The maintenance of proper telomeric length by the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.

The maintenance of proper telomeric length by the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.

The maintenance of proper telomeric length by the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.

The formation of the single stranded telomeric 3' overhang, a conserved feature that ranges in length from 12 nt in budding yeast to approximately 500 nt in humans.

The formation of the single stranded telomeric 3' overhang, a conserved feature that ranges in length from 12 nt in budding yeast to approximately 500 nt in humans.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.

The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA are broken or 'melted', generating a region of unpaired single strands.

The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA are broken or 'melted', generating a region of unpaired single strands.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the entry of viral entry into a host cell.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. This term covers covalent modifications at the molecular level as well as spatial relationships among the major components of a chromosome.

The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers that are not all identical. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.

A process of chromosome organization that is involved in a meiotic cell cycle.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomere capping.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomere capping.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

Trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity; involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the complex comprises Mre11p, Rad50p, and Xrs2p; complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins orthologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins.

The terminal region of a linear nuclear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.

The terminal region of a linear nuclear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.

The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome in the nucleus.

A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct nuclear chromosome.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

A discrete intracellular part formed of aggregated molecules such as proteins or other biopolymers.

Trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity; involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the complex comprises Mre11p, Rad50p, and Xrs2p; complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins orthologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins.

Trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity; involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the complex comprises Mre11p, Rad50p, and Xrs2p; complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins orthologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins.

Trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity; involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the complex comprises Mre11p, Rad50p, and Xrs2p; complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins orthologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins.

A region of a chromosome at which a DNA double-strand break has occurred. DNA damage signaling and repair proteins accumulate at the lesion to respond to the damage and repair the DNA to form a continuous DNA helix.

A region of a chromosome at which a DNA double-strand break has occurred. DNA damage signaling and repair proteins accumulate at the lesion to respond to the damage and repair the DNA to form a continuous DNA helix.

The nucleus of either the ovum or the spermatozoon following fertilization. Thus, in the fertilized ovum, there are two pronuclei, one originating from the ovum, the other from the spermatozoon that brought about fertilization; they approach each other, but do not fuse until just before the first cleavage, when each pronucleus loses its membrane to release its contents.

Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.