Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.

The reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.

The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of angiotensin by conversion of renin substrate into mature angiotensin in the blood.

The process in which the renin-angiotensin system controls the rate of fluid intake and output into the blood.

The process in which an increase in active angiotensin stimulates the adrenal cortices to secrete aldosterone.

The process in which angiotensin directly modulates the rate of urine output by the kidney.

The process in which the diameter of a blood vessel is changed due to activity of the renin-angiotensin system.

A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila).

A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane (PMID:24568158 and PMID:16902576).

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by activation of guanylyl cyclase (GC) activity and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic GMP (cGMP).

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent increase in the concentration of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via nitric oxide (NO). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, receptors/sensors for nitric oxide (such as soluble guanylyl cyclase/sGC) and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Nitric oxide transmits its downstream effects through either cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent or independent mechanisms.

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.

Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.

Any process that increases the frequency or rate of activation of JAK protein. The activation of JAK protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division.

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol esterification. Cholesterol esterification is the lipid modification process in which a sterol ester is formed by the combination of a carboxylic acid (often a fatty acid) and cholesterol. In the blood this process is associated with the conversion of free cholesterol into cholesteryl ester, which is then sequestered into the core of a lipoprotein particle.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle activity stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell.

Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase.

The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters from LDL to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride to LDL.

Any process that modulates the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time.

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of angiotensin II binding to an angiotensin receptor on the surface of the cell, and proceeding with the activated receptor transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity. Ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein tyrosine kinase activity.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis, the process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane hyperpolarization.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gap junction assembly.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac conduction.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.

A phospholipid microvesicle that is derived from any of several cell types, such as platelets, blood cells, endothelial cells, or others, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of the parental cell. Microparticles are heterogeneous in size, and are characterized as microvesicles free of nucleic acids.