The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds.

The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear envelope.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear envelope.

Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. Protein maturation is the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenylated proteins.

The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.

The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.

The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.

The second process in a series of specific posttranslational modifications to the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins, in which the last three amino acids of the protein (AAX) are removed by proteolysis.

The second process in a series of specific posttranslational modifications to the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins, in which the last three amino acids of the protein (AAX) are removed by proteolysis.

The second process in a series of specific posttranslational modifications to the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins, in which the last three amino acids of the protein (AAX) are removed by proteolysis.

The second process in a series of specific posttranslational modifications to the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins, in which the last three amino acids of the protein (AAX) are removed by proteolysis.

A series of specific posttranslational modifications to the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins. CAAX box proteins are eukaryotic proteins that contain a CAAX motif where the C is a cysteine, the two A residues are aliphatic amino acids and the X can be one of several amino acids. The CAAX-box proteins undergo three sequential, enzymatic, post-translational modifications essential to their targeting: First, the proteins are prenylated by one of two prenyltransferases called farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase-I. Prenylation results in the covalent attachment of either farnesyl or geranylgeranyl isoprenoid groups to the cysteine in the CAAX box motif. Prenylation is followed by proteolytic removal of the last three amino acids of the protein (AAX). Finally, the newly exposed carboxylate group of the isoprenylcysteine is methylated by an ER-associated prenyl-dependent carboxylmethyltransferase.

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).

The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope.

A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.

A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.