The name of this superfamily has been modified since the most recent official CATH+ release (v4_2_0). At the point of the last release, this superfamily was named:

"
Phosphorylase Kinase; domain 1
".

Functional Families

Overview of the Structural Clusters (SC) and Functional Families within this CATH Superfamily. Clusters with a representative structure are represented by a filled circle.
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FunFam 7665: Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase ...

Please note: GO annotations are assigned to the full protein sequence rather than individual protein domains. Since a given protein can contain multiple domains, it is possible that some of the annotations below come from additional domains that occur in the same protein, but have been classified elsewhere in CATH.

There are 20 GO terms relating to "molecular function"

The search results have been sorted with the annotations that are found most frequently at the top of the list. The results can be filtered by typing text into the search box at the top of the table.
GO Term Annotations Evidence
Protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity GO:0004712
Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate; and ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate.
3 P31938 (/TAS) Q01986 (/TAS) Q02750 (/TAS)
Protein binding GO:0005515
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
3 P31938 (/IPI) Q01986 (/IPI) Q02750 (/IPI)
MAP kinase kinase activity GO:0004708
Catalysis of the concomitant phosphorylation of threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y) residues in a Thr-Glu-Tyr (TEY) thiolester sequence in a MAP kinase (MAPK) substrate.
2 Q01986 (/IDA) Q02750 (/IDA)
MAP kinase kinase activity GO:0004708
Catalysis of the concomitant phosphorylation of threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y) residues in a Thr-Glu-Tyr (TEY) thiolester sequence in a MAP kinase (MAPK) substrate.
2 P31938 (/IMP) Q01986 (/IMP)
Protein kinase activity GO:0004672
Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.
1 Q02750 (/TAS)
Protein serine/threonine kinase activity GO:0004674
Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
1 Q02750 (/TAS)
MAP kinase kinase activity GO:0004708
Catalysis of the concomitant phosphorylation of threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y) residues in a Thr-Glu-Tyr (TEY) thiolester sequence in a MAP kinase (MAPK) substrate.
1 P31938 (/ISO)
MAP kinase kinase activity GO:0004708
Catalysis of the concomitant phosphorylation of threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y) residues in a Thr-Glu-Tyr (TEY) thiolester sequence in a MAP kinase (MAPK) substrate.
1 Q01986 (/TAS)
Signal transducer, downstream of receptor, with protein tyrosine phosphatase activity GO:0004728
Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.
1 P31938 (/IMP)
ATP binding GO:0005524
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
1 Q01986 (/IDA)
Protein C-terminus binding GO:0008022
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein C-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 1-carboxy function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue.
1 Q02750 (/IDA)
Protein C-terminus binding GO:0008022
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein C-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 1-carboxy function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue.
1 P31938 (/ISO)
Ras GTPase binding GO:0017016
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any member of the Ras superfamily of monomeric GTPases.
1 Q01986 (/IPI)
Protein kinase binding GO:0019901
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate.
1 Q01986 (/IPI)
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding GO:0031435
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, any protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase kinase.
1 Q01986 (/IDA)
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding GO:0031435
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, any protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase kinase.
1 Q01986 (/IPI)
Protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity GO:0043539
Binds to and increases the activity of a protein serine/threonine kinase.
1 Q02750 (/IDA)
Protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity GO:0043539
Binds to and increases the activity of a protein serine/threonine kinase.
1 P31938 (/ISO)
Protein N-terminus binding GO:0047485
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein N-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 2-amino (or 2-imino) function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue.
1 Q02750 (/IDA)
Protein N-terminus binding GO:0047485
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein N-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 2-amino (or 2-imino) function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue.
1 P31938 (/ISO)

There are 78 GO terms relating to "biological process"

The search results have been sorted with the annotations that are found most frequently at the top of the list. The results can be filtered by typing text into the search box at the top of the table.
GO Term Annotations Evidence
Activation of MAPK activity GO:0000187
The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase (MAPK).
3 P31938 (/TAS) Q01986 (/TAS) Q02750 (/TAS)
Regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade GO:0032872
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.
3 P31938 (/TAS) Q01986 (/TAS) Q02750 (/TAS)
Regulation of Golgi inheritance GO:0090170
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of Golgi inheritance. Golgi inheritance is the partitioning of Golgi apparatus between daughter cells at cell division.
3 P31938 (/TAS) Q01986 (/TAS) Q02750 (/TAS)
Regulation of early endosome to late endosome transport GO:2000641
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of early endosome to late endosome transport.
3 P31938 (/TAS) Q01986 (/TAS) Q02750 (/TAS)
Activation of MAPK activity GO:0000187
The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase (MAPK).
2 Q01986 (/IDA) Q02750 (/IDA)
Positive regulation of gene expression GO:0010628
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
2 Q01986 (/IMP) Q02750 (/IMP)
Neuron differentiation GO:0030182
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron.
2 P31938 (/IMP) Q01986 (/IMP)
MAPK cascade GO:0000165
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
1 Q01986 (/IMP)
MAPK cascade GO:0000165
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
1 Q02750 (/TAS)
Activation of MAPK activity GO:0000187
The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase (MAPK).
1 P31938 (/IMP)
Activation of MAPK activity GO:0000187
The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase (MAPK).
1 P31938 (/ISO)
Mitotic cell cycle GO:0000278
Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent.
1 Q01986 (/IDA)
Regulation of protein phosphorylation GO:0001932
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into an amino acid in a protein.
1 P31938 (/IGI)
Regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction GO:0003056
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle contraction.
1 Q01986 (/IMP)
Protein phosphorylation GO:0006468
The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.
1 Q01986 (/IDA)
Protein phosphorylation GO:0006468
The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.
1 P31938 (/IMP)
Protein phosphorylation GO:0006468
The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.
1 Q01986 (/TAS)
Movement of cell or subcellular component GO:0006928
The directed, self-propelled movement of a cell or subcellular component without the involvement of an external agent such as a transporter or a pore.
1 Q02750 (/TAS)
Chemotaxis GO:0006935
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
1 Q02750 (/TAS)
Response to oxidative stress GO:0006979
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
1 Q01986 (/IDA)
Cell cycle arrest GO:0007050
A regulatory process that halts progression through the cell cycle during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M).
1 Q02750 (/IMP)
Cell cycle arrest GO:0007050
A regulatory process that halts progression through the cell cycle during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M).
1 P31938 (/ISO)
Signal transduction GO:0007165
The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.
1 Q02750 (/TAS)
Heart development GO:0007507
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
1 P31938 (/IGI)
Cell proliferation GO:0008283
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
1 Q01986 (/IDA)
Negative regulation of cell proliferation GO:0008285
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
1 Q02750 (/IDA)
Negative regulation of cell proliferation GO:0008285
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
1 P31938 (/ISO)
Positive regulation of gene expression GO:0010628
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
1 Q01986 (/IGI)
Positive regulation of gene expression GO:0010628
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
1 P31938 (/ISO)
Negative regulation of gene expression GO:0010629
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
1 Q02750 (/IGI)
Negative regulation of gene expression GO:0010629
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
1 P31938 (/ISO)
Cerebellar cortex formation GO:0021697
The process that gives rise to the cerebellar cortex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.
1 P31938 (/IGI)
Keratinocyte differentiation GO:0030216
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a keratinocyte.
1 P31938 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of cell migration GO:0030335
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
1 Q01986 (/IMP)
Thyroid gland development GO:0030878
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thyroid gland is an endoderm-derived gland that produces thyroid hormone.
1 P31938 (/IGI)
Melanosome transport GO:0032402
The directed movement of melanosomes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1 Q01986 (/IDA)
Positive regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0032968
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.
1 Q01986 (/IMP)
Negative regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion GO:0034111
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion.
1 Q01986 (/IMP)
Intracellular signal transduction GO:0035556
The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.
1 Q01986 (/TAS)
Proteolysis in other organism GO:0035897
The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the hydrolysis of proteins in another organism by cleavage of their peptide bonds.
1 Q02750 (/TAS)
Positive regulation of GTPase activity GO:0043547
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.
1 Q01986 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of cell differentiation GO:0045597
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
1 P31938 (/IDA)
Positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0045893
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
1 Q02750 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0045893
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
1 P31938 (/ISO)
Positive regulation of muscle contraction GO:0045933
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.
1 Q01986 (/IGI)
Positive regulation of muscle contraction GO:0045933
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.
1 Q01986 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction GO:0046579
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction.
1 Q01986 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction GO:0046579
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction.
1 P31938 (/ISO)
Vesicle transport along microtubule GO:0047496
The directed movement of a vesicle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination.
1 Q01986 (/IDA)
Golgi inheritance GO:0048313
The partitioning of Golgi apparatus between daughter cells at cell division.
1 Q01986 (/IMP)
Thymus development GO:0048538
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components.
1 P31938 (/IGI)
Response to axon injury GO:0048678
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an axon injury stimulus.
1 Q01986 (/IMP)
Regulation of axon regeneration GO:0048679
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration.
1 P31938 (/IGI)
Neuron projection morphogenesis GO:0048812
The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites.
1 Q01986 (/IMP)
Cell motility GO:0048870
Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another.
1 P31938 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of axonogenesis GO:0050772
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis.
1 P31938 (/IGI)
Protein heterooligomerization GO:0051291
The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers that are not all identical. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.
1 Q01986 (/IPI)
Response to glucocorticoid GO:0051384
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.
1 Q01986 (/IDA)
Bergmann glial cell differentiation GO:0060020
The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to Brgmann glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the cerebellum. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
1 P31938 (/IGI)
Face development GO:0060324
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a face from an initial condition to its mature state. The face is the ventral division of the head.
1 P31938 (/IGI)
Lung morphogenesis GO:0060425
The process in which the anatomical structures of the lung are generated and organized.
1 P31938 (/IGI)
Trachea formation GO:0060440
The process pertaining to the initial formation of a trachea from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the trachea is recognizable. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches.
1 P31938 (/IGI)
Epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis GO:0060502
The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the lung.
1 P31938 (/IGI)
Placenta blood vessel development GO:0060674
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1 P31938 (/IMP)
Labyrinthine layer development GO:0060711
The process in which the labyrinthine layer of the placenta progresses, from its formation to its mature state.
1 P31938 (/IMP)
ERK1 and ERK2 cascade GO:0070371
An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK1 or ERK2 (MAPKs), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
1 P31938 (/IGI)
Positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade GO:0070374
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
1 Q02750 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade GO:0070374
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
1 P31938 (/ISO)
Positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity GO:0071902
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
1 Q02750 (/IDA)
Positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity GO:0071902
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
1 P31938 (/ISO)
Cellular senescence GO:0090398
A cell aging process stimulated in response to cellular stress, whereby normal cells lose the ability to divide through irreversible cell cycle arrest.
1 Q02750 (/IMP)
Cellular senescence GO:0090398
A cell aging process stimulated in response to cellular stress, whereby normal cells lose the ability to divide through irreversible cell cycle arrest.
1 P31938 (/ISO)
Negative regulation of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway GO:1903298
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
1 Q01986 (/IGI)
Negative regulation of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway GO:1903298
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
1 Q01986 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA GO:1903800
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA.
1 Q02750 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA GO:1903800
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA.
1 P31938 (/ISO)
Positive regulation of ATP biosynthetic process GO:2001171
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP biosynthetic process.
1 Q01986 (/IGI)
Positive regulation of ATP biosynthetic process GO:2001171
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP biosynthetic process.
1 Q01986 (/IMP)

There are 23 GO terms relating to "cellular component"

The search results have been sorted with the annotations that are found most frequently at the top of the list. The results can be filtered by typing text into the search box at the top of the table.
GO Term Annotations Evidence
Nucleus GO:0005634
A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
3 P31938 (/TAS) Q01986 (/TAS) Q02750 (/TAS)
Mitochondrion GO:0005739
A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
3 P31938 (/TAS) Q01986 (/TAS) Q02750 (/TAS)
Early endosome GO:0005769
A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways.
3 P31938 (/TAS) Q01986 (/TAS) Q02750 (/TAS)
Late endosome GO:0005770
A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center.
3 P31938 (/TAS) Q01986 (/TAS) Q02750 (/TAS)
Golgi apparatus GO:0005794
A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.
3 P31938 (/TAS) Q01986 (/TAS) Q02750 (/TAS)
Cytosol GO:0005829
The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
3 A4QPA9 (/IDA) Q01986 (/IDA) Q02750 (/IDA)
Cytosol GO:0005829
The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
3 P31938 (/TAS) Q01986 (/TAS) Q02750 (/TAS)
Plasma membrane GO:0005886
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
3 A4QPA9 (/IDA) Q01986 (/IDA) Q02750 (/IDA)
Focal adhesion GO:0005925
Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments.
3 P31938 (/TAS) Q01986 (/TAS) Q02750 (/TAS)
Endoplasmic reticulum GO:0005783
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
1 Q02750 (/IDA)
Endoplasmic reticulum GO:0005783
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
1 P31938 (/ISO)
Golgi apparatus GO:0005794
A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.
1 Q01986 (/IDA)
Cytosol GO:0005829
The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
1 P31938 (/ISO)
Plasma membrane GO:0005886
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
1 P31938 (/ISO)
Plasma membrane GO:0005886
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
1 Q02750 (/TAS)
Cell cortex GO:0005938
The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.
1 Q01986 (/IDA)
Axon GO:0030424
The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.
1 Q01986 (/IDA)
Dendrite GO:0030425
A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.
1 Q01986 (/IDA)
Dendrite cytoplasm GO:0032839
All of the contents of a dendrite, excluding the surrounding plasma membrane.
1 Q01986 (/IDA)
Perikaryon GO:0043204
The portion of the cell soma (neuronal cell body) that excludes the nucleus.
1 Q01986 (/IDA)
Perinuclear region of cytoplasm GO:0048471
Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.
1 Q01986 (/IDA)
Extracellular exosome GO:0070062
A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
1 Q02750 (/IDA)
Extracellular exosome GO:0070062
A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
1 P31938 (/ISO)