The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract.

The process in which the membranous septum is generated and organized. The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum.

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.

De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon.

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development.

The process that results in the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in an embryo.

Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.

The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized.

The process in which the anatomical structures of a gland are generated and organized.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signal transduction.

The deposition of hydroxyapatite, a form of calcium phosphate with the formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, in bone tissue.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles).

The process resulting in the transition of the otic placode into the otic vesicle, a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lacrimal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lacrimal gland produces secretions that lubricate and protect the cornea of the eye.

The increase in size or mass of an entire multicellular organism, as opposed to cell growth.

The increase in size or mass of an organ. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that function together as to perform a specific function.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the body of an organism so that it reaches its usual body size.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the inner ear are generated and organized. The inner ear is the structure in vertebrates that contains the organs of balance and hearing. It consists of soft hollow sensory structures (the membranous labyrinth) containing fluid (endolymph) surrounded by fluid (perilymph) and encased in a bony cavity (the bony labyrinth). It consists of two chambers, the sacculus and utriculus, from which arise the cochlea and semicircular canals respectively.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food.

The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the alveolus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The alveolus is a sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of air passageways.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized during embryonic development. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.

Morphogenesis, during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.

Development, taking place during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.

The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of structures that will be used in the process of creating new individuals from one or more parents, from their formation to the mature structures.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the epidermis are generated and organized. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species.

The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in a nerve are generated and organized. This term refers to an anatomical structure (nerve) not a cell (neuron).

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division.

The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.

The process pertaining to the initial formation of a limb bud from unspecified parts. This process begins with the formation of a local condensation of mesenchyme cells within the prospective limb field, and ends when a limb bud is recognizable.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components.

The process in which bones are generated and organized.

The process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.

The process in which the branching structure of the salivary gland is generated and organized.

The process in which a bud in the lung grows out from the point where it is formed.

The process in which the anatomical structures of a lung lobe are generated and organized. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung.

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung-associated mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung-associated mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Lung-associated mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the lung.

Any process that increases the rate or frequency of epithelial cell proliferation that results in the lung attaining its shape.

The process in which the anatomical structures of a prostate gland are generated and organized.

The developmental growth process in which solid chords of prostate epithelium increase in length.

The branching morphogenesis process in which the prostate epithelial cords branch freely to create the structure of the prostate acini.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a squamous basal epithelial stem cell of the prostate.

The process in which a branch forms along the side of an epithelium.

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells of the submandibular salivary gland, resulting in the expansion of a cell population and the shaping of the gland.

The differential growth of the salivary branches along their axis, resulting in the growth of a branch.

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of prostate gland branching, the process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell of the lung. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population that contributes to the progression of the lung over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.

A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.

The increase in size or mass of an endochondral bone that contributes to the shaping of the bone.

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the hair follicle are generated and organized.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.

The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an fibroblast growth factor stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mesoderm cell.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a fibroblast growth factor to its receptor on the surface of al cell in the epidermis resulting in the formation of the mammary line. The mammary line is a ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes.

The morphogenetic process in which a bud forms from the mammary placode. A mammary bud is bulb of epithelial cells that is distinct from the surrounding epidermis.

The process in which the branches of the fetal placental villi are generated and organized. The villous part of the placenta is called the labyrinth layer.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.

Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes.

The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells.

The establishment of the lateral mesoderm with respect to the left and right halves.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract.

The process in which the membranous septum is generated and organized. The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum.

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.

De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development.

The process that results in the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in an embryo.

Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.

The regionalization process in which the areas along the dorsal/ventral axis are established that will lead to differences in cell differentiation. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

Any process that increases the rate of phospholipase C activity.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.

The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized.

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine.

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine.

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine.

The process that gives rise to the olfactory nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.

The progression of the orbitofrontal cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The orbitofrontal cortex is a cerebral cortex region located in the frontal lobe.

The progression of the orbitofrontal cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The orbitofrontal cortex is a cerebral cortex region located in the frontal lobe.

The proliferation of neuroblasts in the ventricular zone of the cerebral cortex. The neuronal progenitors of these cells will migrate radially.

The proliferation of neuroblasts in the ventricular zone of the cerebral cortex. The neuronal progenitors of these cells will migrate radially.

The progression of a pyramidal neuron from its initial formation to its mature state.

The progression of a pyramidal neuron from its initial formation to its mature state.

The process in which the anatomical structures of a gland are generated and organized.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signal transduction.

The deposition of hydroxyapatite, a form of calcium phosphate with the formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, in bone tissue.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles).

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles).

The process resulting in the transition of the otic placode into the otic vesicle, a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.

The process resulting in the transition of the otic placode into the otic vesicle, a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the hair follicle are generated and organized.

The regrowth of fin tissue following its loss or destruction.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lacrimal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lacrimal gland produces secretions that lubricate and protect the cornea of the eye.

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the midbrain.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.

The increase in size or mass of an entire multicellular organism, as opposed to cell growth.

The increase in size or mass of an organ. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that function together as to perform a specific function.

Determination of the asymmetric location of the pancreas with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which contributes to hemopoiesis.

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which contributes to hemopoiesis.

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow.

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow.

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor-type receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which contributes to the progression of the orbitofrontal cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state.

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor-type receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which contributes to the progression of the orbitofrontal cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state.

The process in which a post-anal tail is generated and organized. A post-anal tail is a muscular region of the body that extends posterior to the anus. The post-anal tail may aid locomotion and balance.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the body of an organism so that it reaches its usual body size.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the inner ear are generated and organized. The inner ear is the structure in vertebrates that contains the organs of balance and hearing. It consists of soft hollow sensory structures (the membranous labyrinth) containing fluid (endolymph) surrounded by fluid (perilymph) and encased in a bony cavity (the bony labyrinth). It consists of two chambers, the sacculus and utriculus, from which arise the cochlea and semicircular canals respectively.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food.

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into an endoderm cell.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the skin are generated and organized. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner, sensitive and vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue.

The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation).

The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation).

A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling to convert a signal into a response. Phosphatidylinositols include phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the alveolus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The alveolus is a sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of air passageways.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the alveolus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The alveolus is a sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of air passageways.

The directed movement of synaptic vesicles.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized during embryonic development. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.

Morphogenesis, during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.

Development, taking place during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.

The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of structures that will be used in the process of creating new individuals from one or more parents, from their formation to the mature structures.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the epidermis are generated and organized. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in a nerve are generated and organized. This term refers to an anatomical structure (nerve) not a cell (neuron).

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the body and trunk of all fishes and most amphibians. The posterior lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear.

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Epithelial cells make up the epithelium, the covering of internal and external surfaces of the body, including the lining of vessels and other small cavities. It consists of cells joined by small amounts of cementing substances.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division.

The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.

The process pertaining to the initial formation of a limb bud from unspecified parts. This process begins with the formation of a local condensation of mesenchyme cells within the prospective limb field, and ends when a limb bud is recognizable.

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within a defined anatomical structure of an organism, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.

The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components.

The process in which bones are generated and organized.

The process in which the coronal suture is generated and organized.

The process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched epithelial tubes of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.

The process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.

The process in which the branching structure of the salivary gland is generated and organized.

The process in which a bud in the lung grows out from the point where it is formed.

The process in which the anatomical structures of a lung lobe are generated and organized. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung.

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung-associated mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung-associated mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Lung-associated mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the lung.

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung-associated mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung-associated mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Lung-associated mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the lung.

Any process that increases the rate or frequency of epithelial cell proliferation that results in the lung attaining its shape.

The process in which the anatomical structures of a prostate gland are generated and organized.

The developmental growth process in which solid chords of prostate epithelium increase in length.

The branching morphogenesis process in which the prostate epithelial cords branch freely to create the structure of the prostate acini.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a squamous basal epithelial stem cell of the prostate.

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a fibroblast growth factor to its receptor on the surface of al cell in the epidermis resulting in the formation of the mammary line. The mammary line is a ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes.

The process in which a branch forms along the side of an epithelium.

The morphogenetic process in which a bud forms from the mammary placode. A mammary bud is bulb of epithelial cells that is distinct from the surrounding epidermis.

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells of the submandibular salivary gland, resulting in the expansion of a cell population and the shaping of the gland.

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells of the submandibular salivary gland, resulting in the expansion of a cell population and the shaping of the gland.

The differential growth of the salivary branches along their axis, resulting in the growth of a branch.

The differential growth of the salivary branches along their axis, resulting in the growth of a branch.

The process in which the branches of the fetal placental villi are generated and organized. The villous part of the placenta is called the labyrinth layer.

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of prostate gland branching, the process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell of the lung. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population that contributes to the progression of the lung over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.

The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells that contributes to blood vessel development in the heart, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the endodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. The endodermal digestive tract includes those portions of the digestive tract that are derived from endoderm.

Determination of the asymmetric location of the heart with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lens fiber cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a lens fiber cell fate. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lens fiber cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a lens fiber cell fate. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the olfactory placode are generated and organized. The olfactory placode is a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.

Determination of the asymmetric location of the liver with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.

The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.

A synapse in which an action potential in the presynaptic cell increases the probability of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic cell.

A synapse in which an action potential in the presynaptic cell increases the probability of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic cell.