The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The process of formation of spermatozoa, including spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis.

The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse.

The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.

The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.

The formation of the notochord from the chordamesoderm. The notochord is composed of large cells packed within a firm connective tissue sheath and is found in all chordates at the ventral surface of the neural tube. In vertebrates, the notochord contributes to the vertebral column.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway activity.

The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiovascular system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiovascular system is the anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels.

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells in a different central nervous system region.

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells in a different central nervous system region.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon outgrowth.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon outgrowth.

The long distance growth of a single cell process, that is involved in the migration of an axon growth cone, where the migration is directed to a specific target site by a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The long distance growth of a single cell process, that is involved in the migration of an axon growth cone, where the migration is directed to a specific target site by a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a chemical.

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a chemical.

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a chemical.

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension.

De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon.

De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon.

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spinal cord primarily conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses between the brain and the peripheral nervous tissues.

The progression of the olfactory bulb over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory bulb coordinates neuronal signaling involved in the perception of smell. It receives input from the sensory neurons and outputs to the olfactory cortex.

The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another at least one of which is located in the telencephalon.

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the dorsal-ventral body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.

The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites.

The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes.

The orderly movement of an endocardial progenitor cell toward the midline to form the heart field. Cardiac muscle progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into endocardial cells of the heart.

Separation of axons away from a bundle of axons known as a fascicle.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus.

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the anterior-posterior body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a SLIT protein to a Roundabout (ROBO) family receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a SLIT protein to a Roundabout (ROBO) family receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisol stimulus. Cortisol is the major natural glucocorticoid synthesized in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex; it affects the metabolism of glucose, protein, and fats and has appreciable mineralocorticoid activity. It also regulates the immune system and affects many other functions.

The apoptotic process that contributes to luteolysis.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a chemokine binding to a cell surface receptor.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a chemokine binding to a cell surface receptor.

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The migration of cells in the telencephalon from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb in which cells move orthogonally to the direction of radial migration and do not use radial glial cell processes as substrates for migration.

The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the forebrain are generated and organized. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions).

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse.

The process that gives rise to the trigeminal ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of the trigeminal ganglion This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.

Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the adherens junction.

The clustering together and adhesion of initially separate cells to form an aggregate. Examples include the clustering of unicellular organisms or blood cells in suspension and the condensation of mesenchymal cells during cartilage formation.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotome development.

Any Roundabout signaling pathway that is involved in axon guidance.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.

The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels involved in sprouting angiogenesis.

The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels involved in sprouting angiogenesis.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis.

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.

Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules, where both cells are part of the same organism.

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules, where both cells are part of the same organism.

The creation and reception of signals that repel olfactory bulb interneurons from the subventricular zone as a component process in tangential migration.

The creation and reception of signals that repel olfactory bulb interneurons from the subventricular zone as a component process in tangential migration.

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after decussation through the spinal cord in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after decussation through the spinal cord in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon outgrowth.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization.

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the dorsal-ventral body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a SLIT protein to a Roundabout (ROBO) family receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

Any process that reduces the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.

Any process that reduces the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.

The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder.

The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder.

The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder.

The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis.

Any process that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.

Any process that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.

The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary ducts are generated and organized. Mammary ducts are epithelial tubes that transport milk.

The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary ducts are generated and organized. Mammary ducts are epithelial tubes that transport milk.

The morphogenetic growth of the large, club-shaped terminal end of a mammary gland duct during prepubertal growth and during puberty.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heparin stimulus.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heparin stimulus.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophil chemotaxis is the directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophil chemotaxis is the directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte chemotaxis.

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance, the process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance, the process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.

The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.

The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo.

The process of formation of spermatozoa, including spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis.

The phase of growth and gene expression that male germ cells undergo as they enter the spermatocyte stage. The cells grow in volume and transcribe most of the gene products needed for the morphological events that follow meiosis.

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of gastrulation. Gastrulation is the complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals.

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of gastrulation. Gastrulation is the complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals.

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.

The formation of the notochord from the chordamesoderm. The notochord is composed of large cells packed within a firm connective tissue sheath and is found in all chordates at the ventral surface of the neural tube. In vertebrates, the notochord contributes to the vertebral column.

Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a periodic, readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity. Usually accompanied by physical relaxation, the onset of sleep in humans and other mammals is marked by a change in the electrical activity of the brain.

Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a periodic, readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity. Usually accompanied by physical relaxation, the onset of sleep in humans and other mammals is marked by a change in the electrical activity of the brain.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway activity.

The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.

The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.

The migration of individual cells into the embryo involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.

The migration of individual cells into the embryo involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of triglyceride within an organism or cell.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiovascular system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiovascular system is the anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels.

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.

A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell.

The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell.

A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical.

A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical.

Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.