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CATH Superfamily 1.50.10.130

Terpene synthase, N-terminal domain

The name of this superfamily has been modified since the most recent official CATH+ release (v4_2_0). At the point of the last release, this superfamily was named:

"
Terpene synthase, N-terminal domain
".

Functional Families

Overview of the Structural Clusters (SC) and Functional Families within this CATH Superfamily. Clusters with a representative structure are represented by a filled circle.
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FunFam 855: Ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase, chloroplastic

There are 32 EC terms in this cluster

Please note: EC annotations are assigned to the full protein sequence rather than individual protein domains. Since a given protein can contain multiple domains, it is possible that some of the annotations below come from additional domains that occur in the same protein, but have been classified elsewhere in CATH.

Note: The search results have been sorted with the annotations that are found most frequently at the top of the list. The results can be filtered by typing text into the search box at the top of the table.

EC Term Annotations Evidence
Copalyl diphosphate synthase. [EC: 5.5.1.12]
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate = (+)-copalyl diphosphate.
  • In some plants, such as Salvia miltiorrhiza, this enzyme is monofunctional.
  • In other plants this activity is often a part of a bifunctional enzyme.
  • For example, in Selaginella moellendorffii this activity is catalyzed by a bifunctional enzyme that also catalyzes EC 4.2.3.131, while in the tree Abies grandis (grand fir) it is catalyzed by a bifunctional enzyme that also catalyzes EC 4.2.3.18.
 15 D0Q1D2 G9MAN7 H8ZM70 H8ZM71 J9QS23 J9R388 M4HXU6 M4HY05 M4HYC6 Q38710
(5 more...)
Ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase. [EC: 5.5.1.13]
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate = ent-copalyl diphosphate.
  • Part of a bifunctional enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of kaurene.
  • See also EC 4.2.3.19.
 14 A0A0B2PSN0 A0A0B2QF47 A0A0B2QJH5 A0A1B0YKB9 B9S414 C7IY39 D4III9 O04408 Q38802 Q5MQ85
(4 more...)
Levopimaradiene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.32]
(+)-copalyl diphosphate = abieta-8(14),12-diene + diphosphate.
  • In Ginkgo, the enzyme catalyzes the initial cyclization step in the biosynthesis of ginkgolides, a structurally unique family of diterpenoids that are highly specific platelet-activating-factor receptor antagonists.
  • Levopimaradiene is widely distributed in higher plants.
  • In some species the enzyme also forms abietadiene, palustradiene, and neoabietadiene.
 7 H8ZM70 M4HXU6 M4HY05 M4HYC6 Q50EK2 Q675L4 Q947C4
Neoabietadiene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.132]
(+)-copalyl diphosphate = neoabietadiene + diphosphate.
  • Isolated from Abies grandis (grand fir).
  • This class I enzyme forms about equal proportions of abietadiene, levopimaradiene and neoabietadiene; see also EC 4.2.3.18 and EC 4.2.3.32.
  • An X-ray study of this multifunctional enzyme showed that the class I activity is in the alpha domain, while EC 5.5.1.12 activity (a class II activity) is in the beta and gamma domains.
  • In Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) the major product is levopimaradiene, with less abietadiene and neoabietadiene.
 6 H8ZM70 M4HXU6 M4HY05 M4HYC6 Q38710 Q50EK2
(+)-car-3-ene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.107]
Geranyl diphosphate = (+)-car-3-ene + diphosphate.
  • The enzyme reacts with (3S)-linalyl diphosphate twice as rapidly as geranyl diphosphate, but 25 times as rapidly as (3R)-linalyl diphosphate.
  • It is assumed that (3S)-linalyl diphosphate is normally formed as an enzyme bound intermediate in the reaction.
  • In the reaction the 5-pro-R hydrogen of geranyl diphosphate is eliminated during cyclopropane ring formation.
  • In Picea abies (Norway spruce) and Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce) terpinolene is also formed.
  • See EC 4.2.3.113.
  • (+)-car-3-ene is associated with resistance of Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce) to white pine weevil.
 5 C7ASI9 F1CKI6 F1CKI8 F1CKI9 Q84SM8
Abieta-7,13-diene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.18]
(+)-copalyl diphosphate = abieta-7,13-diene + diphosphate.
  • Part of a bifunctional enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of abietadiene.
  • See also EC 5.5.1.12.
 5 H8ZM70 M4HXU6 M4HY05 M4HYC6 Q38710
Isopimara-7,15-diene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.44]
(+)-copalyl diphosphate = isopimara-7,15-diene + diphosphate.
  • The enzyme only gave isopimara-7,15-diene.
  • Formerly EC 4.2.3.n9.
 4 H8ZM71 M4HXW5 M4HYP3 Q675L5
Taxadiene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.17]
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate = taxa-4,11-diene + diphosphate.
  • This is the committed step in the biosynthesis of the diterpenoid antineoplastic drug Taxol (paclitaxel).
  • The cyclization involves a 1,5-hydride shift.
 4 Q41594 Q93YA3 Q9FT37 W5UFR6
(-)-alpha-pinene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.119]
Geranyl-diphosphate = (-)-alpha-pinene + diphosphate.
  • Cyclase II of Salvia officinalis (sage) gives about equal parts (-)- alpha-pinene, (-)-beta-pinene and (-)-camphene, plus traces of other monoterpenoids.
  • (3S)-Linalyl diphosphate can also be used by the enzyme in preference to (3R)-linalyl diphosphate.
  • The 4-pro-S-hydrogen of geranyl diphosphate is lost.
  • The enzyme from Abies grandis (grand fir) gives roughly equal parts (-)-alpha-pinene and (-)-beta-pinene.
  • However the clone ag11 gave 35% (-)-limonene, 24% (-)-alpha-pinene and 20% (-)-beta-phellandrene.
  • Synthase I from Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) produces (-)-alpha-pinene with traces of (-)-beta-pinene.
  • The enzyme from Picea sitchensis (Sika spruce) forms 70% (-)-alpha- pinene and 30% (-)-beta-pinene.
  • The recombinant PmeTPS1 enzyme from Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir) gave roughly equal proportions of (-)-alpha-pinene and (-)- camphene plus traces of other monoterpenoids.
  • See also EC 4.2.3.120, EC 4.2.3.117, EC 4.2.3.16, and EC 4.2.3.52.
  • Formerly EC 4.1.99.8, EC 4.2.3.14, and EC 4.2.3.n7.
 4 O24475 Q6XDB5 Q84KL6 Q9M7C9
Syn-copalyl-diphosphate synthase. [EC: 5.5.1.14]
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate = 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate.
  • This class II terpene synthase produces syn-copalyl diphosphate, a precursor of several rice phytoalexins, including oryzalexin S and momilactones A and B.
  • Phytoalexins are diterpenoid secondary metabolites that are involved in the defense mechanism of the plant, and are produced in response to pathogen attack through the perception of elicitor signal molecules such as chitin oligosaccharide, or after exposure to UV irradiation.
  • Constitutively expressed in the roots of plants where one of its products, momilactone B, acts as an allelochemical (a molecule released into the environment to suppress the growth of neighboring plants).
  • In other tissues the enzyme is up-regulated by conditions that stimulate the biosynthesis of phytoalexins.
 3 A0A0E0GXS3 Q0JF02 Q6E7D7
Copal-8-ol diphosphate hydratase. [EC: 4.2.1.133]
(13E)-8-alpha-hydroxylabd-13-en-15-yl diphosphate = geranylgeranyl diphosphate + H(2)O.
  • The enzyme was characterized from the plant Cistus creticus subsp. creticus.
  • Formerly EC 3.1.7.4 and EC 5.5.1.21.
 3 E2IHE0 G3CCC0 H8ZM73
(4S)-limonene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.16]
Geranyl diphosphate = (-)-(4S)-limonene + diphosphate.
  • Mg(2+) is essentially ineffective as the divalent metal ion cofactor.
  • Formerly EC 4.1.99.10.
 2 O22340 Q9M7C9
Pimaradiene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.147]
(+)-copalyl diphosphate = pimara-8(14),15-diene + diphosphate.
  • Isolated from the plants Pinus banksiana (jack pine) and Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine).
 2 M4HY08 M4HYC8
(-)-beta-pinene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.120]
Geranyl diphosphate = (-)-beta-pinene + diphosphate.
  • Cyclase II of Salvia officinalis (sage) produces about equal parts (-)-alpha-pinene, (-)-beta-pinene and (-)-camphene, plus traces of other monoterpenoids.
  • The enzyme can also use (3S)-Linalyl diphosphate (preferred to (3R)- linalyl diphosphate).
  • The enzyme from Abies grandis (grand fir) produces roughly equal parts of (-)-alpha-pinene and (-)-beta-pinene.
  • Cyclase IV from Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) produces 63% (-)- beta-pinene, 26% 3-carene, and traces of alpha-pinene.
  • Synthase III from Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) forms (-)-beta-pinene with traces of alpha-pinene.
  • A cloned enzyme from Artemisia annua (sweet wormwood) gave (-)-beta- pinene with traces of (-)-alpha-pinene.
  • The enzyme from Picea sitchensis (Sika spruce) forms 30% (-)-beta- pinene and 70% (-)-alpha-pinene.
  • See also EC 4.2.3.119, EC 4.2.3.117 and EC 4.2.3.107.
  • Formerly EC 4.1.99.8 and EC 4.2.3.14.
 2 O24475 Q6XDB5
(+)-alpha-pinene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.121]
Geranyl diphosphate = (+)-alpha-pinene + diphosphate.
  • Cyclase I of Salvia officinalis (sage) gives about equal parts (+)- alpha-pinene and (+)-camphene, whereas cyclase III gives about equal parts of (+)-alpha-pinene and (+)-beta-pinene.
  • (3R)-linalyl diphosphate can also be used by the enzyme in preference to (3S)-linalyl diphosphate.
  • The 4-pro-R-hydrogen of geranyl diphosphate is lost.
  • With synthase II of Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) (+)-beta-pinene was the only product.
  • See also EC 4.2.3.122 and EC 4.2.3.116.
 1 Q84KL3
Cis-abienol synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.140]
(13E)-8-alpha-hydroxylabd-13-en-15-yl diphosphate = cis-abienol + diphosphate.
  • Isolated from the plants Abies balsamea (balsam fir) and Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco).
 1 H8ZM73
(+)-delta-selinene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.76]
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-delta-selinene + diphosphate.
  • Initial cyclization gives germacrene C in an enzyme bound form which is not released to the medium.
  • Formerly EC 4.2.3.n2.
 1 O64404
Gamma-humulene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.56]
Farnesyl-diphosphate = gamma-humulene + diphosphate.
  • Has a broad product range.
  • While gamma-humulene is the major product, sibirene, longifolene, beta-himachalene, gamma-himachalene and alpha-himachalene are produced in appreciable amounts and further 47 other minor products can also be detected.
  • The enzyme can use geranyl diphosphate as a substrate, producing mainly limonene and terpinolene as the major products.
  • Formerly EC 4.2.3.n3.
 1 O64405
Ent-kaurene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.19]
Ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-kaurene + diphosphate.
  • Part of a bifunctional enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of ent- kaurene.
  • See also EC 5.5.1.13.
 1 D2XEB3
(E,E)-germacrene B synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.71]
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (E,E)-germacrene B + diphosphate.
    		 1 O64404
    (-)-alpha-terpineol synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.111]
    Geranyl diphosphate + H(2)O = (-)-alpha-terpineol + diphosphate.
    • The enzyme has been characterized from Vitis vinifera (grape).
    • Also forms some 1,8-cineole and traces of other monoterpenoids.
    		 1 Q84KL4
    Terpinolene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.113]
    Geranyl-diphosphate = terpinolene + diphosphate.
    • Mn(2+) is less effective as cofactor than Mg(2+) and product ratio changes.
    • Forms traces of other monoterpenoids.
    • Formerly EC 4.2.3.n6.
    		 1 Q9M7D0
    (4S)-beta-phellandrene synthase (geranyl-diphosphate-cyclizing). [EC: 4.2.3.52]
    Geranyl diphosphate = (4S)-beta-phellandrene + diphosphate.
    • Mg(2+) is not effective.
    • Some (-)-alpha-phellandrene is also formed.
    • The reaction involves a 1,3-hydride shift.
    • Formerly EC 4.2.3.n5.
    		 1 Q9M7D1
    (13E)-labda-7,13-dien-15-ol synthase. [EC: 3.1.7.10]
    Geranylgeranyl diphosphate + H(2)O = (13E)-labda-7,13-dien-15-ol + diphosphate.
    • The enzyme from the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii is bifunctional, initially forming (13E)-labda-7,13-dien-15-yl diphosphate, which is hydrolyzed to the alcohol.
    		 1 G1DGI7
    (E)-gamma-bisabolene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.59]
    (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (E)-gamma-bisabolene + diphosphate.
      		 1 Q4QSN4
      Miltiradiene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.131]
      (+)-copalyl diphosphate = miltiradiene + diphosphate.
      • Isolated from the plants Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) and Salvia miltiorrhiza.
      • The enzyme from the plant Selaginella moellendorffii is mutifunctional and also catalyzes EC 5.5.1.12.
      		 1 G9MAN7
      (-)-camphene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.117]
      Geranyl-diphosphate = (-)-camphene + diphosphate.
      • (-)-Camphene is the major product in Abies grandis (grand fir) with traces of other monoterpenoids.
      • In Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) there are about equal parts of (-)-camphene and (-)-alpha-pinene with traces of four other monoterpenoids.
      • In Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) tricyclene, beta-myrcene, limonene, and traces of several other monoterpenoids are also formed.
      • See also EC 4.2.3.15, EC 4.2.3.16, EC 4.2.3.119 and EC 4.2.3.105.
      • Formerly EC 4.2.3.n4.
      		 1 Q948Z0
      Alpha-bisabolene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.38]
      (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (E)-alpha-bisabolene + diphosphate.
      • While unlikely to encounter geranyl diphosphate (GDP) in vivo as it is localized to plastids, the enzyme can use GDP as a substrate in vitro to produce (+)-(4R)-limonene (cf. EC 4.2.3.20).
      • Induced as part of a defense mechanism in the grand fir Abies grandis as a response to stem wounding.
      • Formerly EC 4.2.3.n1.
      		 1 O81086
      Myrcene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.15]
      Geranyl diphosphate = myrcene + diphosphate.
      • Mg(2+) is essentially ineffective as the divalent metal ion cofactor.
      • Formerly EC 4.1.99.9.
      		 1 O24474
      Alpha-farnesene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.46]
      (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (3E,6E)-alpha-farnesene + diphosphate.
        		 1 Q84KL5
        (+)-sabinene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.110]
        Geranyl diphosphate = (+)-sabinene + diphosphate.
        • Isolated from Salvia officinalis (sage).
        • The recombinant enzyme gave 63% (+)-sabinene, 21% gamma-terpinene, and traces of other monoterpenoids.
        • See EC 4.2.3.114.
        		 1 F1CKJ1
        Longifolene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.58]
        (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = longifolene + diphosphate.
        • As well as 61% longifolene the enzyme gives 15% of alpha-longipinene, 6% longicyclene and traces of other sesquiterpenoids.
        		 1 Q675L0