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CATH Superfamily 1.10.600.10

Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase

The name of this superfamily has been modified since the most recent official CATH+ release (v4_2_0). At the point of the last release, this superfamily was named:

"
Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase
".

Functional Families

Overview of the Structural Clusters (SC) and Functional Families within this CATH Superfamily. Clusters with a representative structure are represented by a filled circle.
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FunFam 9678: Terpene synthase, metal-binding protein

There are 30 EC terms in this cluster

Please note: EC annotations are assigned to the full protein sequence rather than individual protein domains. Since a given protein can contain multiple domains, it is possible that some of the annotations below come from additional domains that occur in the same protein, but have been classified elsewhere in CATH.

Note: The search results have been sorted with the annotations that are found most frequently at the top of the list. The results can be filtered by typing text into the search box at the top of the table.

EC Term Annotations Evidence
Germacradienol synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.22]
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H(2)O = (1E,4S,5E,7R)-germacra-1(10),5- dien-11-ol + diphosphate.
  • H-1si of farnesyl diphosphate is lost in the formation of (1E,4S,5E,7R)-germacra-1(10),5-dien-11-ol.
  • Formation of (-)-germacrene D involves a stereospecific 1,3-hydride shift of H-1si of farnesyl diphosphate.
  • Both products are formed from a common intermediate.
  • The enzyme mediates a key step in the biosynthesis of geosmin (see EC 4.1.99.16), a widely occurring metabolite of many streptomycetes, bacteria and fungi.
  • Also catalyzes the reaction of EC 4.2.3.75.
 34 A0A089XB00 A0A089XB00 A0A0D8B6G0 A0A0D8B6G0 A0A0K2B0U1 A0A0K2B0U1 A0A0N1FJV3 A0A0N1FJV3 A0A0N1G6B7 A0A0N1G6B7
(24 more...)
Pentalenene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.7]
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = pentalenene + diphosphate.
  • Isolated from Streptomyces avermitilis.
  • The enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of pentalenolactone and related antibiotics.
  • The 9si hydrogen of farnesyl diphosphate undergoes a 1,2-hydride shift where it becomes the 1-alpha hydrogen of pentalenene.
  • Formerly EC 4.6.1.5.
 25 A0A0K3BVP4 A0A177HRP6 A0A1B2GJ74 A0A1B2H568 A0A1D2I5B4 A0A1M4EKJ4 A2QUL9 A9GK58 B2IUI7 B2IUI7
(15 more...)
Epi-isozizaene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.37]
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-epi-isozizaene + diphosphate.
  • The displacement of the diphosphate group of farnesyl diphosphate occurs with retention of configuration.
  • In the soil-dwelling bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), the product of this reaction is used by EC 1.14.13.106 to produce the sesquiterpene antibiotic albaflavenone.
 14 A0A076M6W5 A0A089XEX4 A0A0K2AY64 A0A0N0MKU1 A0A0N1GIS3 A0A0N1NPH7 A0A0S1UIZ4 A0A0U5LT77 A0A124C1P9 A0A1D2IIZ5
(4 more...)
Geosmin synthase. [EC: 4.1.99.16]
(1E,4S,5E,7R)-germacra-1(10),5-dien-11-ol + H(2)O = (-)-geosmin + acetone.
  • Geosmin is the cause of the characteristic smell of moist soil.
  • It is a bifunctional enzyme.
  • The N-terminal part of the enzyme is EC 4.2.3.22, germacradienol synthase, and forms germacradienol from FPP.
  • The C-terminal part of the enzyme catalyzes the conversion of germacradienol to geosmin via (1S,4aS,8aS)-8,10-dimethyl- 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydronaphthalene.
 13 A0A0D8B6G0 A0A0D8B6G0 A0A0K2B0U1 A0A0K2B0U1 A0A1B2GTI9 A0A1B2GTI9 A0A1C6NS49 A0A1C6NS49 A0A1I9ZEC7 N0CNY7
(3 more...)
2-methylisoborneol synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.118]
(E)-2-methylgeranyl diphosphate + H(2)O = 2-methylisoborneol + diphosphate.
  • The product, 2-methylisoborneol, is a characteristc odiferous compound with a musty smell produced by soil microorganisms.
  • Formerly EC 4.2.3.n14.
 13 A0A076M0I8 A0A0K2AKB9 A0A100J6U8 A0A100JHZ7 A0A1B2GHY9 A0A1B2H5V4 A0A1H2DIF8 A3KI17 A4FG19 D3KYU2
(3 more...)
(-)-germacrene D synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.75]
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (-)-germacrene D + diphosphate.
  • In Solidago canadensis the biosynthesis results in the pro-R hydrogen at C-1 of the farnesy diphosphate ending up at C-11 of the (-)- germacrene D.
  • With Streptomyces coelicolor the pro-S hydrogen at C-1 ends up at C-11 of the (-)-germacrene D.
  • Formerly EC 4.2.3.n13.
 7 A0A0D8B6G0 A0A0D8B6G0 A0A0K2B0U1 A0A0K2B0U1 A0A1I9ZEC7 Q9X839 Q9X839
5-epi-alpha-selinene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.90]
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = 5-epi-alpha-selinene + diphosphate.
  • The enzyme forms 5-epi-alpha-selinene possibly via germecrene A or a 1,6-hydride shift mechanism.
 5 A0A1B9EMW7 A0A1I9Z994 A0A1K2G147 B2J4A4 V5BIL8
Aristolochene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.9]
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = aristolochene + diphosphate.
  • The initial internal cyclization produces the monocyclic intermediate germacrene A; further cyclization and methyl transfer converts the intermediate into aristolochene.
  • While in some species germacrene A remains as an enzyme-bound intermediate, it has been shown to be a minor product of the reaction in Penicillium roqueforti (see also EC 4.2.3.23).
  • Aristolochene is the likely parent compound for a number of sesquiterpenes produced by filamentous fungi.
  • Formerly EC 2.5.1.40 and EC 4.1.99.7.
 4 B6H063 Q03471 Q9UR08 W6Q4Q9
(+)-caryolan-1-ol synthase. [EC: 4.2.1.138]
(+)-beta-caryophyllene + H(2)O = (+)-caryolan-1-ol.
  • A multifunctional enzyme which also forms (+)-beta-caryophyllene from farnesyl diphosphate (EC 4.2.3.89).
  • Formerly EC 3.7.1.15.
 4 A0A0B8NFL0 A0A117E6J5 A0A1B9EYX9 B1W019
Presilphiperfolanol synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.74]
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H(2)O = presilphiperfolan-8-beta-ol + diphosphate.
  • Presilphiperfolan-8-beta-ol is the precursor of botrydial, a phytotoxic sesquiterpene metabolite secreted by the fungus Botryotinia fuckeliana (Botrytis cinerea), the causal agent of gray mold disease in plants.
 2 M5BKY1 Q6WP50
(+)-T-muurolol synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.98]
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H(2)O = (+)-T-muurolol + diphosphate.
  • The cyclization mechanism involves an intermediate nerolidyl diphosphate leading to a helminthogermacradienyl cation.
  • After a 1,3-hydride shift of the original 1-pro-(S) hydrogen of farnesyl diphosphate, cyclization and deprotonation result in (+)-T- muurolol.
 2 A0A1D8FW97 B5GW45
Terpentetriene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.36]
Terpentedienyl diphosphate = terpentetriene + diphosphate.
  • Following on from EC 5.5.1.15, this enzyme completes the transformation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP) into terpentetriene, which is a precursor of the diterpenoid antibiotic terpentecin.
  • Farnesyl diphosphate can also act as a substrate.
 2 A0A0D0PYF8 Q9AJE3
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase. [EC: 2.5.1.29]
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate.
  • Some forms of this enzyme will also use geranyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate as donors; it will not use larger prenyl diphosphates as efficient donors.
 2 A2PZA5 C9K2Q3
Fusicocca-2,10(14)-diene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.43]
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate = fusicocca-2,10(14)-diene + diphosphate.
  • A multifunctional enzyme with EC 2.5.1.29 activity.
 2 A2PZA5 C9K2Q3
(+)-beta-caryophyllene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.89]
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H(2)O = (+)-beta-caryophyllene + diphosphate.
  • A multifunctional enzyme which also converts the (+)-beta- caryophyllene to (+)-caryolan-1-ol (see EC 4.2.1.138).
  • Cf. EC 4.2.3.57.
 2 A0A0B8NFL0 B1W019
Delta(6)-protoilludene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.135]
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = Delta(6)-protoilludene + diphosphate.
  • Isolated from the fungus Armillaria gallica.
  • Delta(6)-Protoilludene is the first step in the biosynthesis of the melleolides.
 1 P0DL13
Gamma-muurolene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.126]
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = gamma-muurolene + diphosphate.
  • The enzyme has been characterized from the fungus Coprinus cinereus.
  • Also gives germacrene A and alpha-muurolene, see EC 4.2.3.23 and EC 4.2.3.125.
 1 A8NE23
Beta-copaene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.127]
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = beta-copaene + diphosphate.
  • Isolated from the fungus Coprinus cinereus.
  • The enzyme also forms (+)-delta-cadinene, beta-cubebene, (+)-sativene and traces of several other sequiterpenoids.
  • beta-Copaene is formed in the presence of Mg(2+) but not Mn(2+).
  • See EC 4.2.3.13 EC 4.2.3.128 and EC 4.2.3.129.
 1 A8NU13
(+)-germacrene D synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.77]
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-germacrene D + diphosphate.
  • The formation of (+)-germacrene D involves a 1,2-hydride shift whereas for (-)-germacrene D there is a 1,3-hydride shift (see EC 4.2.3.75).
 1 D8RLD3
S-linalool synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.25]
Geranyl diphosphate + H(2)O = (3S)-linalool + diphosphate.
  • Neither (S)- nor (R)-linalyl diphosphate can act as substrate for the enzyme from Clarkia breweri.
  • Unlike many other monoterpene synthases, only a single product, (3S)- linalool, is formed.
 1 D8RNZ9
(+)-sativene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.129]
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-sativene + diphosphate.
  • Isolated from the fungus Coprinus cinereus.
  • The enzyme also forms (+)-delta-cadinene, beta-copaene, beta- cubebene, and traces of several other sequiterpenoids.
  • See EC 4.2.3.13 EC 4.2.3.127 and EC 4.2.3.128.
 1 A8NU13
Isopentenyl-diphosphate Delta-isomerase. [EC: 5.3.3.2]
Isopentenyl diphosphate = dimethylallyl diphosphate.
    		 1 A0A0Q8A202
    Germacrene-A synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.23]
    (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-(R)-germacrene A + diphosphate.
    • While germacrene A is an enzyme-bound intermediate in the biosynthesis of a number of phytoalexins, e.g. EC 4.2.3.9 from some species and EC 4.2.3.21, it is the sole sesquiterpenoid product formed in chicory.
    		 1 A8NE23
    Cubebol synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.91]
    (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H(2)O = cubebol + diphosphate.
    • The enzyme gives 28% cubebol, 29% (-)-germacrene D, 10% (+)-delta- cadinene and traces of several other sesquiterpenoids.
    • See also EC 4.2.3.75 and EC 4.2.3.13.
    		 1 A8NU13
    Alpha-muurolene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.125]
    (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = alpha-muurolene + diphosphate.
    • The enzyme has been characterized from the fungus Coprinus cinereus.
    • Also gives germacrene A and gamma-muurolene, see EC 4.2.3.23 and EC 4.2.3.126.
    		 1 A8NE23
    Avermitilol synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.96]
    (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H(2)O = avermitilol + diphosphate.
    • The recombinent enzyme gives avermitilol (85%) plus traces of germacrene A, germacrene B and viridiflorol.
    • The (1S)-hydrogen of farnesyl diphosphate is retained.
    		 1 Q82RR7
    (-)-delta-cadinene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.97]
    (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (-)-delta-cadinene + diphosphate.
    • The cyclization mechanism involves an intermediate nerolidyl diphosphate leading to a helminthogermacradienyl cation.
    • Following a 1,3-hydride shift of the original 1-pro-S hydrogen of (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate, cyclization and deprotonation gives (-)-delta-cadinene.
    		 1 B5GS26
    Beta-cubebene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.128]
    (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = beta-cubebene + diphosphate.
    • Isolated from the fungus Coprinus cinereus.
    • The enzyme also forms (+)-delta-cadinene, beta-copaene, (+)-sativene and traces of several other sequiterpenoids.
    • It is found in many higher plants such as Magnolia grandiflora (Southern Magnolia) together with germacrene A.
    • See EC 4.2.3.13 EC 4.2.3.127 EC 4.2.3.129 and EC 4.2.3.23.
    		 1 A8NU13
    (E)-2-epi-beta-caryophyllene synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.137]
    (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (E)-2-epi-beta-caryophyllene + diphosphate.
    • Isolated from the plant Selaginella moellendorfii.
    • The enzyme also gives two other sesquiterpenoids.
    		 1 J9QS25
    (3S,6E)-nerolidol synthase. [EC: 4.2.3.48]
    (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H(2)O = (3S,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphate.
    • The enzyme catalyzes a step in the formation of 4,8-dimethyl- 1,3(E),7-nonatriene, a key signal molecule in induced plant defense mediated by the attraction of enemies of herbivores (2).
    • Nerolidol is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene found in the essential oils of many types of plants.
    		 1 D8RNZ9
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