The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight.

The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.

The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.

A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

The process in which anatomical structures of the veins on an imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing margin are generated and organized. The wing margin is a strip of cells in the third instar disc at the boundary between the presumptive dorsal and ventral surfaces of the wing blade.

The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

The process in which the vertebrate retina is organized into three laminae: the outer nuclear layer (ONL), which contains photoreceptor nuclei; the inner nuclear layer (INL), which contains amacrine, bipolar and horizontal cells; and the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer. Between the inner and outer nuclear layers, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) contains connections between the photoreceptors and bipolar and horizontal cells. The inner plexiform layer (IPL) is positioned between the INL and the ganglion cell layer and contains the dendrites of RGCs and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells. Spanning all layers of the retina are the radially oriented Mueller glia.

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine.

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine.

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signal transduction.

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway activity.

The increase in size or mass of an organ. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that function together as to perform a specific function.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hippo signaling.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hippo signaling.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hippo signaling.

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to gravity.

A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.

The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized during embryonic development.

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The compound eye is an organ of sight that contains multiple repeating units, often arranged hexagonally. Each unit has its own lens and photoreceptor cell(s) and can generate either a single pixelated image or multiple images, per eye.

Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a protein and preventing it from degradation or aggregation.

The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized in a camera-type eye during the embryonic life stage.

Signaling at short range between the head ectoderm and the optic vesicle that results in the head ectoderm forming a lens.

The process in which the iris is generated and organized. The iris is an anatomical structure in the eye whose opening forms the pupil. The iris is responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and the amount of light reaching the retina.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a xenobiotic compound stimulus. Xenobiotic compounds are compounds foreign to living organisms.

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.

A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, resulting in the induction of the transcription of p21 (also known as WAF1, CIP1 and SDI1) or any equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.

A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, resulting in the induction of the transcription of p21 (also known as WAF1, CIP1 and SDI1) or any equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened.

The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.

The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template.

The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template.

The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.

The process in which a virus effects a change in the structure or processes of its host organism.

The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway activity.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway activity.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the BMP signaling pathway.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the BMP signaling pathway.

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of PML bodies, a class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia).

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.

A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.

A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.

Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.

Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.

Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.

The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system that can be controlled at will.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.

A second wave of blood cell production that, in vertebrates, generates long-term hemopoietic stem cells that continously provide erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid lineages throughout adulthood.

The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the activity of a SMAD protein, and ultimately effecting a change in the functioning of the cell.

The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the activity of a SMAD protein, and ultimately effecting a change in the functioning of the cell.

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.

Any apoptotic process in an endothelial cell. An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal.

Any apoptotic process in an endothelial cell. An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal.

A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with either a ligand binding to a cell surface receptor, or a ligand being withdrawn from a cell surface receptor (e.g. in the case of signaling by dependence receptors), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.

A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with either a ligand binding to a cell surface receptor, or a ligand being withdrawn from a cell surface receptor (e.g. in the case of signaling by dependence receptors), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.

A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of an intracellular signal (e.g. DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress etc.), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. The intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway is crucially regulated by permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOMP).

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

Extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.

Extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.

A class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML, promyelocytic leukemia); cells typically contain 10-30 PML bodies per nucleus; alterations in the localization of PML bodies occurs after viral infection.

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle.

Extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.

A class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML, promyelocytic leukemia); cells typically contain 10-30 PML bodies per nucleus; alterations in the localization of PML bodies occurs after viral infection.

A discrete extra-nucleolar subnuclear domain, 20-50 in number, in which splicing factors are seen to be localized by immunofluorescence microscopy.

A transcription factor complex that acts at promoters of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II.

A transcription factor complex that acts at promoters of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II.