The name of this superfamily has been modified since the most recent official CATH+ release (v4_2_0). At the point of the last release, this superfamily was: waiting to be named.

Functional Families

Overview of the Structural Clusters (SC) and Functional Families within this CATH Superfamily. Clusters with a representative structure are represented by a filled circle.
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FunFam 152135: Argonaute 2, isoform E

Please note: GO annotations are assigned to the full protein sequence rather than individual protein domains. Since a given protein can contain multiple domains, it is possible that some of the annotations below come from additional domains that occur in the same protein, but have been classified elsewhere in CATH.

There are 21 GO terms relating to "molecular function"

The search results have been sorted with the annotations that are found most frequently at the top of the list. The results can be filtered by typing text into the search box at the top of the table.
GO Term Annotations Evidence
Protein binding GO:0005515
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
19 A2CEI6 (/IPI) A8D8P8 (/IPI) A8KBF3 (/IPI) A9ZSZ2 (/IPI) D6RUV9 (/IPI) J9VW13 (/IPI) O04379 (/IPI) O74957 (/IPI) O76922 (/IPI) Q7PLK0 (/IPI)
(9 more)
PiRNA binding GO:0034584
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a piRNA, a Piwi-associated RNA, a 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.
8 A2CEI6 (/IDA) A8D8P8 (/IDA) O76922 (/IDA) Q7PLK0 (/IDA) Q8CDG1 (/IDA) Q8CGT6 (/IDA) Q8TC59 (/IDA) Q9JMB7 (/IDA)
PiRNA binding GO:0034584
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a piRNA, a Piwi-associated RNA, a 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.
7 A6N7Y9 (/ISS) A6P7L8 (/ISS) A8KBF3 (/ISS) Q4G033 (/ISS) Q7Z3Z4 (/ISS) Q8TC59 (/ISS) Q96J94 (/ISS)
Endoribonuclease activity GO:0004521
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
6 A2CEI6 (/ISS) A6N7Y9 (/ISS) A6P7L8 (/ISS) A8KBF3 (/ISS) Q8TC59 (/ISS) Q96J94 (/ISS)
SiRNA binding GO:0035197
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a small interfering RNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from double stranded RNA (dsRNA) by an RNAse enzyme.
5 O48771 (/IDA) Q84VQ0 (/IDA) Q9SHF3 (/IDA) Q9VUQ5 (/IDA) Q9ZVD5 (/IDA)
RNA binding GO:0003723
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA molecule or a portion thereof.
4 O74957 (/IDA) O76922 (/IDA) Q7PLK0 (/IDA) Q9VKM1 (/IDA)
MRNA binding GO:0003729
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with messenger RNA (mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. mRNA includes UTR and coding sequences, but does not contain introns.
4 O04379 (/IDA) Q8CDG1 (/IDA) Q9JMB7 (/IDA) Q9SHF3 (/IDA)
Endoribonuclease activity GO:0004521
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
4 A8D8P8 (/IMP) Q8CDG1 (/IMP) Q9JMB7 (/IMP) Q9ZVD5 (/IMP)
MiRNA binding GO:0035198
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a microRNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from a stem-loop RNA precursor (pre-miRNA) that is encoded within plant and animal genomes.
3 O04379 (/IDA) Q9XGW1 (/IDA) Q9ZVD5 (/IDA)
Single-stranded RNA binding GO:0003727
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with single-stranded RNA.
2 O74957 (/IDA) Q9JMB7 (/IDA)
Single-stranded RNA binding GO:0003727
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with single-stranded RNA.
2 Q54G64 (/ISS) Q7KWS3 (/ISS)
MRNA binding GO:0003729
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with messenger RNA (mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. mRNA includes UTR and coding sequences, but does not contain introns.
2 A6N7Y9 (/ISS) Q96J94 (/ISS)
Endoribonuclease activity GO:0004521
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
2 O04379 (/IDA) Q9VUQ5 (/IDA)
Magnesium ion binding GO:0000287
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with magnesium (Mg) ions.
1 A8D8P8 (/IDA)
Chromatin binding GO:0003682
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.
1 Q9ZVD5 (/IDA)
Translation initiation factor activity GO:0003743
Functions in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide.
1 Q69VD5 (/ISS)
Endoribonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters GO:0016891
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters.
1 O74957 (/IDA)
Protein kinase binding GO:0019901
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate.
1 Q9JMB7 (/IPI)
PiRNA binding GO:0034584
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a piRNA, a Piwi-associated RNA, a 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.
1 Q8CDG1 (/ISO)
SiRNA binding GO:0035197
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a small interfering RNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from double stranded RNA (dsRNA) by an RNAse enzyme.
1 Q9ZVD5 (/IMP)
SiRNA binding GO:0035197
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a small interfering RNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from double stranded RNA (dsRNA) by an RNAse enzyme.
1 Q851R2 (/ISS)

There are 140 GO terms relating to "biological process"

The search results have been sorted with the annotations that are found most frequently at the top of the list. The results can be filtered by typing text into the search box at the top of the table.
GO Term Annotations Evidence
Gene silencing by RNA GO:0031047
Any process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes.
9 A2CEI6 (/ISS) A6N7Y9 (/ISS) A6P7L8 (/ISS) A8KBF3 (/ISS) Q4G033 (/ISS) Q7Z3Z4 (/ISS) Q8TC59 (/ISS) Q96J94 (/ISS) Q9JMB7 (/ISS)
Spermatogenesis GO:0007283
The process of formation of spermatozoa, including spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis.
8 A2CEI6 (/ISS) A6N7Y9 (/ISS) A6P7L8 (/ISS) A8KBF3 (/ISS) Q4G033 (/ISS) Q7Z3Z4 (/ISS) Q8TC59 (/ISS) Q96J94 (/ISS)
Negative regulation of transposition GO:0010529
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transposition. Transposition results in the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites.
8 A2CEI6 (/ISS) A6N7Y9 (/ISS) A6P7L8 (/ISS) A8KBF3 (/ISS) Q4G033 (/ISS) Q7Z3Z4 (/ISS) Q8TC59 (/ISS) Q96J94 (/ISS)
Negative regulation of transposition GO:0010529
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transposition. Transposition results in the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites.
7 O76922 (/IMP) Q7PLK0 (/IMP) Q84VQ0 (/IMP) Q8CDG1 (/IMP) Q8CGT6 (/IMP) Q9JMB7 (/IMP) Q9VKM1 (/IMP)
PiRNA metabolic process GO:0034587
The chemical reactions and pathways involving piRNAs, Piwi-associated RNAs, a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.
7 A6N7Y9 (/ISS) A6P7L8 (/ISS) A8KBF3 (/ISS) Q4G033 (/ISS) Q7Z3Z4 (/ISS) Q8TC59 (/ISS) Q96J94 (/ISS)
Defense response to virus GO:0051607
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a virus that act to protect the cell or organism.
7 O04379 (/IDA) O48771 (/IDA) Q84VQ0 (/IDA) Q9SHF2 (/IDA) Q9SHF3 (/IDA) Q9XGW1 (/IDA) Q9ZVD5 (/IDA)
DNA methylation involved in gamete generation GO:0043046
The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine that contributes to the establishment of DNA methylation patterns in the gamete.
6 A2CEI6 (/ISS) A6P7L8 (/ISS) A8KBF3 (/ISS) Q4G033 (/ISS) Q7Z3Z4 (/ISS) Q8TC59 (/ISS)
Spermatogenesis GO:0007283
The process of formation of spermatozoa, including spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis.
5 G5ED77 (/IMP) P34681 (/IMP) Q8CDG1 (/IMP) Q8CGT6 (/IMP) Q9JMB7 (/IMP)
RNA 5'-end processing GO:0000966
Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an RNA molecule.
4 A2CEI6 (/ISS) A6P7L8 (/ISS) A8KBF3 (/ISS) Q8TC59 (/ISS)
Gene silencing by RNA GO:0031047
Any process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes.
4 Q5BD61 (/IMP) Q8CDG1 (/IMP) Q8CGT6 (/IMP) Q9VKM1 (/IMP)
PiRNA metabolic process GO:0034587
The chemical reactions and pathways involving piRNAs, Piwi-associated RNAs, a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.
4 A8D8P8 (/IMP) Q8CDG1 (/IMP) Q8CGT6 (/IMP) Q9JMB7 (/IMP)
Chromatin silencing GO:0006342
Repression of transcription by altering the structure of chromatin, e.g. by conversion of large regions of DNA into an inaccessible state often called heterochromatin.
3 O76922 (/IMP) Q9VKM1 (/IMP) Q9ZVD5 (/IMP)
RNA interference GO:0016246
The process in which double-stranded RNAs silence cognate genes. Involves posttranscriptional gene inactivation ('silencing') both of transgenes or dsRNA introduced into a germline, and of the host gene(s) homologous to the transgenes or dsRNA. This silencing is triggered by the introduction of transgenes or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and can occur through a specific decrease in the level of mRNA, or by negative regulation of translation, of both host genes and transgenes.
3 O76922 (/IMP) Q75HC2 (/IMP) Q9VUQ5 (/IMP)
RNA interference GO:0016246
The process in which double-stranded RNAs silence cognate genes. Involves posttranscriptional gene inactivation ('silencing') both of transgenes or dsRNA introduced into a germline, and of the host gene(s) homologous to the transgenes or dsRNA. This silencing is triggered by the introduction of transgenes or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and can occur through a specific decrease in the level of mRNA, or by negative regulation of translation, of both host genes and transgenes.
3 O76922 (/TAS) Q9VKM1 (/TAS) Q9VUQ5 (/TAS)
Production of siRNA involved in RNA interference GO:0030422
Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides, in the context of RNA interference.
3 O48771 (/IMP) Q9VUQ5 (/IMP) Q9ZVD5 (/IMP)
Germ-line stem cell population maintenance GO:0030718
Any process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of germ-line stem cells.
3 A2CEI6 (/IMP) Q8CDG1 (/IMP) Q9VKM1 (/IMP)
Germ-line stem cell population maintenance GO:0030718
Any process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of germ-line stem cells.
3 A6P7L8 (/ISS) A8KBF3 (/ISS) Q8TC59 (/ISS)
PiRNA metabolic process GO:0034587
The chemical reactions and pathways involving piRNAs, Piwi-associated RNAs, a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.
3 A2CEI6 (/IDA) Q8CDG1 (/IDA) Q8CGT6 (/IDA)
PiRNA metabolic process GO:0034587
The chemical reactions and pathways involving piRNAs, Piwi-associated RNAs, a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.
3 Q8CDG1 (/TAS) Q8CGT6 (/TAS) Q9JMB7 (/TAS)
Positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening GO:0060213
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A) tail shortening of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA. Poly(A) tail shortening is the decrease in length of the poly(A) tail of an mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.
3 O76922 (/IMP) Q7PLK0 (/IMP) Q9VKM1 (/IMP)
Heterochromatin organization involved in chromatin silencing GO:0070868
Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic heterochromatin and contributes to chromatin silencing.
3 O74957 (/IMP) Q9VKM1 (/IMP) Q9VUQ5 (/IMP)
DNA methylation GO:0006306
The covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine.
2 O48771 (/IMP) Q9ZVD5 (/IMP)
Gamete generation GO:0007276
The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell.
2 A6P7L8 (/ISS) A8KBF3 (/ISS)
Pole cell formation GO:0007279
Formation of a small group of cells (pole cells) at the posterior pole of the insect blastula. They are the first cells to cellularize after the arrival of nuclei at the end of the syncytial blastula stage and are the precursors to the insect germ cells.
2 Q9VKM1 (/IMP) Q9VUQ5 (/IMP)
Spermatogenesis GO:0007283
The process of formation of spermatozoa, including spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis.
2 G5ED77 (/IGI) P34681 (/IGI)
Spermatid development GO:0007286
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
2 A6N7Y9 (/ISS) Q96J94 (/ISS)
RNA interference GO:0016246
The process in which double-stranded RNAs silence cognate genes. Involves posttranscriptional gene inactivation ('silencing') both of transgenes or dsRNA introduced into a germline, and of the host gene(s) homologous to the transgenes or dsRNA. This silencing is triggered by the introduction of transgenes or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and can occur through a specific decrease in the level of mRNA, or by negative regulation of translation, of both host genes and transgenes.
2 Q54G64 (/ISS) Q7KWS3 (/ISS)
Modulation by virus of host morphology or physiology GO:0019048
The process in which a virus effects a change in the structure or processes of its host organism.
2 Q9SHF3 (/IMP) Q9ZVD5 (/IMP)
Gene silencing by miRNA GO:0035195
Downregulation of gene expression through the action of microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous 21-24 nucleotide small RNAs processed from stem-loop RNA precursors (pre-miRNAs). Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), miRNAs can downregulate gene expression by either of two posttranscriptional mechanisms: endolytic cleavage of mRNA cleavage or translational repression, usually accompanied by poly-A tail shortening and subsequent degradation of the mRNA.
2 O04379 (/IMP) Q9VUQ5 (/IMP)
DNA methylation involved in gamete generation GO:0043046
The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine that contributes to the establishment of DNA methylation patterns in the gamete.
2 Q8CDG1 (/IMP) Q8CGT6 (/IMP)
Meiotic cell cycle GO:0051321
Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions.
2 A6P7L8 (/ISS) A8KBF3 (/ISS)
Defense response to virus GO:0051607
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a virus that act to protect the cell or organism.
2 Q9SHF3 (/IMP) Q9VUQ5 (/IMP)
Production of siRNA involved in chromatin silencing by small RNA GO:0070919
Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides, in the context of chromatin silencing by small RNA.
2 O74957 (/IMP) Q9ZVD5 (/IMP)
Negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0000122
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1 O74957 (/IMP)
Negative regulation of transposition, DNA-mediated GO:0000335
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA transposition.
1 Q9VKM1 (/IMP)
MRNA splicing, via spliceosome GO:0000398
The joining together of exons from one or more primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) and the excision of intron sequences, via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced.
1 O76922 (/IC)
RNA 5'-end processing GO:0000966
Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an RNA molecule.
1 Q8CDG1 (/IDA)
Oocyte maturation GO:0001556
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization.
1 O76922 (/IMP)
Chromatin silencing GO:0006342
Repression of transcription by altering the structure of chromatin, e.g. by conversion of large regions of DNA into an inaccessible state often called heterochromatin.
1 O48771 (/IGI)
Regulation of translation GO:0006417
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA.
1 A6N7Y9 (/ISS)
Regulation of translation GO:0006417
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA.
1 Q9JMB7 (/NAS)
Regulation of translational initiation GO:0006446
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation.
1 O76922 (/ISS)
Mitotic chromosome condensation GO:0007076
The cell cycle process in which chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells.
1 O76922 (/IMP)
Male meiosis GO:0007140
A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the male germline.
1 Q851R2 (/IMP)
Female meiotic division GO:0007143
A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the female germline.
1 Q851R2 (/IMP)
Gamete generation GO:0007276
The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell.
1 A2CEI6 (/IMP)
Pole cell formation GO:0007279
Formation of a small group of cells (pole cells) at the posterior pole of the insect blastula. They are the first cells to cellularize after the arrival of nuclei at the end of the syncytial blastula stage and are the precursors to the insect germ cells.
1 O76922 (/IGI)
Spermatid development GO:0007286
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1 Q9JMB7 (/IMP)
Germarium-derived oocyte fate determination GO:0007294
The cell fate determination process in which a germarium-derived cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oocyte cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
1 Q9VKM1 (/IMP)
Regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization GO:0007317
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
1 O76922 (/IMP)
Pole plasm protein localization GO:0007318
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
1 O76922 (/IMP)
Cellularization GO:0007349
The separation of a multi-nucleate cell or syncytium into individual cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster embryo development.
1 Q9VUQ5 (/IMP)
Segment polarity determination GO:0007367
Division of the 14 parasegments of the embryo into anterior and posterior compartments; exemplified by the actions of the segment polarity gene products.
1 Q9VUQ5 (/IGI)
Dosage compensation by hyperactivation of X chromosome GO:0009047
Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global hyperactivation of all, or most of, the genes on the X-chromosome in the heterogametic sex, leading to a two-fold increase in gene expression from this chromosome. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
1 Q9VUQ5 (/IGI)
Megasporogenesis GO:0009554
The process in which the megasporocyte undergoes meiosis, giving rise to four haploid megaspores in the nucellus.
1 Q84VQ0 (/IMP)
Megagametogenesis GO:0009561
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo sac over time, from its formation as the megaspore to the mature structure. The process begins when three of the four haploid megaspores disintegrate, and the fourth undergoes mitosis giving rise to a binucleate syncytial embryo sac. The two haploid nuclei migrate to the opposite poles of the embryo sac and then undergo two rounds of mitosis generating four haploid nuclei at each pole. One nucleus from each set of four migrates to the center of the cell. Cellularization occurs, resulting in an eight-nucleate seven-celled structure. This structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center.
1 Q851R2 (/IMP)
Response to virus GO:0009615
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.
1 Q9SJK3 (/IEP)
Virus induced gene silencing GO:0009616
Specific posttranscriptional gene inactivation ('silencing') both of viral gene(s), and host gene(s) homologous to the viral genes. This silencing is triggered by viral infection, and occurs through a specific decrease in the level of mRNA of both host and viral genes.
1 O04379 (/IDA)
Response to auxin GO:0009733
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auxin stimulus.
1 O04379 (/IGI)
Defense response, incompatible interaction GO:0009814
A response of a plant to a pathogenic agent that prevents the occurrence or spread of disease.
1 Q9SJK3 (/IEP)
Defense response to bacterium, incompatible interaction GO:0009816
A response of an organism to a bacterium that prevents the occurrence or spread of disease.
1 Q9ZVD5 (/IMP)
Auxin metabolic process GO:0009850
The chemical reactions and pathways involving auxins, a group of plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
1 O04379 (/IGI)
Adaxial/abaxial pattern specification GO:0009955
The regionalization process in which differences in cell differentiation along the adaxial/abaxial are generated. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.
1 O04379 (/IMP)
Leaf morphogenesis GO:0009965
The process in which the anatomical structures of the leaf are generated and organized.
1 O04379 (/IMP)
Response to far red light GO:0010218
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of far red light stimulus. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
1 O04379 (/IGI)
Leaf vascular tissue pattern formation GO:0010305
Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the leaf of vascular plants.
1 O04379 (/IMP)
Maintenance of shoot apical meristem identity GO:0010492
The process in which an organism retains a population of shoot apical meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.
1 Q75HC2 (/IMP)
Negative regulation of transposition, RNA-mediated GO:0010526
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-mediated transposition. RNA-mediated transposition is a type of transpositional recombination which occurs via an RNA intermediate.
1 Q9VUQ5 (/IMP)
MiRNA metabolic process GO:0010586
The chemical reactions and pathways involving miRNA, microRNA, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21-23 nucleotides in length, which regulates gene expression.
1 Q9XGW1 (/IMP)
Leaf proximal/distal pattern formation GO:0010589
The regionalization process within a leaf by which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis.
1 O04379 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of gene expression GO:0010628
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
1 A2CEI6 (/IGI)
Negative regulation of SMAD protein complex assembly GO:0010991
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of SMAD protein complex assembly. SMAD protein complex assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex that contains SMAD proteins.
1 A2CEI6 (/IPI)
RNA interference GO:0016246
The process in which double-stranded RNAs silence cognate genes. Involves posttranscriptional gene inactivation ('silencing') both of transgenes or dsRNA introduced into a germline, and of the host gene(s) homologous to the transgenes or dsRNA. This silencing is triggered by the introduction of transgenes or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and can occur through a specific decrease in the level of mRNA, or by negative regulation of translation, of both host genes and transgenes.
1 Q9VUQ5 (/IDA)
Posttranscriptional gene silencing GO:0016441
The inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism.
1 O04379 (/IEP)
Posttranscriptional gene silencing GO:0016441
The inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism.
1 Q9VKM1 (/IMP)
Gene silencing GO:0016458
Any process carried out at the cellular level that results in either long-term transcriptional repression via action on chromatin structure or RNA mediated, post-transcriptional repression of gene expression.
1 Q9ZVD5 (/IMP)
Stem cell population maintenance GO:0019827
The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of stem cells of a single type. This can be achieved by a number of mechanisms: stem cell asymmetric division maintains stem cell numbers; stem cell symmetric division increases them; maintenance of a stem cell niche maintains the conditions for commitment to the stem cell fate for some types of stem cell; stem cells may arise de novo from other cell types.
1 Q69VD5 (/IMP)
Production of siRNA involved in RNA interference GO:0030422
Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides, in the context of RNA interference.
1 Q9VUQ5 (/IDA)
Targeting of mRNA for destruction involved in RNA interference GO:0030423
The process in which small interfering RNAs target cognate mRNA molecules for degradation.
1 O76922 (/IMP)
Targeting of mRNA for destruction involved in RNA interference GO:0030423
The process in which small interfering RNAs target cognate mRNA molecules for degradation.
1 Q7KWS3 (/ISS)
Targeting of mRNA for destruction involved in RNA interference GO:0030423
The process in which small interfering RNAs target cognate mRNA molecules for degradation.
1 Q9VUQ5 (/TAS)
Negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway GO:0030514
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the BMP signaling pathway.
1 Q9VKM1 (/IMP)
Chromatin silencing at centromere GO:0030702
Repression of transcription of centromeric DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.
1 O74957 (/IMP)
Karyosome formation GO:0030717
The chromosome organization process in which meiotic chromosomes in the oocyte nucleus cluster together to form a compact spherical structure called the karyosome.
1 O76922 (/TAS)
Germ-line stem cell population maintenance GO:0030718
Any process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of germ-line stem cells.
1 Q9VKM1 (/IDA)
Germ-line stem cell population maintenance GO:0030718
Any process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of germ-line stem cells.
1 Q9VKM1 (/TAS)
Chromatin silencing by small RNA GO:0031048
Repression of transcription by conversion of large regions of DNA into heterochromatin, directed by small RNAs sharing sequence identity to the repressed region.
1 O74957 (/IMP)
Chromatin silencing by small RNA GO:0031048
Repression of transcription by conversion of large regions of DNA into heterochromatin, directed by small RNAs sharing sequence identity to the repressed region.
1 Q9ZVD5 (/TAS)
Conversion of ds siRNA to ss siRNA involved in RNA interference GO:0033168
The process in which double-stranded siRNA molecules are converted to single-stranded siRNAs; required for the formation of a mature RITS complex during RNA interference.
1 O74957 (/IMP)
Histone H3-K9 demethylation GO:0033169
The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone.
1 Q851R2 (/IDA)
DsRNA transport GO:0033227
The directed movement of dsRNA, double-stranded ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1 Q9VUQ5 (/IMP)
Co-transcriptional gene silencing by RNA interference machinery GO:0033562
A process in which the RNAi machinery mediates the degradation of nascent transcripts in association with chromatin.
1 O74957 (/IMP)
Somatic stem cell population maintenance GO:0035019
Any process by which an organism retains a population of somatic stem cells, undifferentiated cells in the embryo or adult which can undergo unlimited division and give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.
1 Q9XGW1 (/IMP)
Salivary gland cell autophagic cell death GO:0035071
The stage-specific programmed cell death of salivary gland cells during salivary gland histolysis.
1 Q9VUQ5 (/IEP)
SiRNA loading onto RISC involved in RNA interference GO:0035087
The transfer of small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) from the Dicer family of enzymes that cleave the double-stranded RNA, onto the nuclease-containing RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC), in the context of RNA interference.
1 Q9VUQ5 (/IDA)
SiRNA loading onto RISC involved in RNA interference GO:0035087
The transfer of small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) from the Dicer family of enzymes that cleave the double-stranded RNA, onto the nuclease-containing RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC), in the context of RNA interference.
1 Q9VUQ5 (/IMP)
Syncytial nuclear migration GO:0035190
The directed movement of nuclei within the syncytial embryo of insects. These precise temporal and spatial patterns of nuclear movement are coordinated with mitotic divisons and are required during blastoderm formation to reposition dividing nuclei from the interior of the syncytial embryo to the cortex.
1 Q9VUQ5 (/IMP)
Posttranscriptional gene silencing by RNA GO:0035194
Any process of posttranscriptional gene inactivation (silencing) mediated by small RNA molecules that may trigger mRNA degradation or negatively regulate translation.
1 Q7PLK0 (/IMP)
Gene silencing by miRNA GO:0035195
Downregulation of gene expression through the action of microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous 21-24 nucleotide small RNAs processed from stem-loop RNA precursors (pre-miRNAs). Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), miRNAs can downregulate gene expression by either of two posttranscriptional mechanisms: endolytic cleavage of mRNA cleavage or translational repression, usually accompanied by poly-A tail shortening and subsequent degradation of the mRNA.
1 O04379 (/IEP)
Segmentation GO:0035282
The regionalization process that divides an organism or part of an organism into a series of semi-repetitive parts, or segments, often arranged along a longitudinal axis.
1 O76922 (/IGI)
Germ-line stem cell division GO:0042078
The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the gametes.
1 Q9VKM1 (/TAS)
Defense response to bacterium GO:0042742
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.
1 Q9SHF3 (/IMP)
Negative regulation of viral genome replication GO:0045071
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
1 Q9VUQ5 (/IMP)
Innate immune response GO:0045087
Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
1 O04379 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of innate immune response GO:0045089
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.
1 O76922 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of translation GO:0045727
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA.
1 Q8CDG1 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of translation GO:0045727
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA.
1 Q8TC59 (/ISS)
Regulation of oskar mRNA translation GO:0046011
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oskar mRNA translation. To ensure the localization of Oskar protein at the posterior pole of the oocyte, translation of oskar mRNA is repressed during its transport to the posterior pole and activated upon localization of the mRNA at the posterior cortex.
1 O76922 (/TAS)
Positive regulation of oskar mRNA translation GO:0046012
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oskar mRNA translation.
1 O76922 (/NAS)
Positive regulation of oskar mRNA translation GO:0046012
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oskar mRNA translation.
1 O76922 (/TAS)
Maintenance of pole plasm mRNA location GO:0046594
The process of maintaining mRNA in a specific location in the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
1 O76922 (/TAS)
Dorsal appendage formation GO:0046843
Establishment of the dorsal filaments, elaborate specializations of the chorion that protrude from the anterior end of the egg and facilitate embryonic respiration.
1 O76922 (/IMP)
Autophagic cell death GO:0048102
A form of programmed cell death that is accompanied by the formation of autophagosomes. Autophagic cell death is characterized by lack of chromatin condensation and massive vacuolization of the cytoplasm, with little or no uptake by phagocytic cells.
1 Q9VUQ5 (/IEP)
Female germ-line stem cell asymmetric division GO:0048132
The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the female gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the female gametes.
1 Q9VKM1 (/IMP)
Male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division GO:0048133
The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the male gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the male gametes.
1 Q9VKM1 (/IMP)
Leaf development GO:0048366
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the leaf over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1 Q69VD5 (/IMP)
Oogenesis GO:0048477
The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.
1 Q8CDG1 (/IEP)
Oogenesis GO:0048477
The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.
1 O76922 (/IMP)
Oogenesis GO:0048477
The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.
1 Q8TC59 (/ISS)
Oogenesis GO:0048477
The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.
1 O76922 (/TAS)
Plant ovule development GO:0048481
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ovule is the structure in seed plants enclosing the female gametophyte, and is composed of the nucellus, one or two integuments, and the funiculus; it develops into the seed.
1 Q84VQ0 (/IMP)
Adventitious root development GO:0048830
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of adventitious root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Adventitious roots are post-embryonic roots that develop from the plant shoot.
1 O04379 (/IMP)
Stem cell development GO:0048864
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stem cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to its specific fate.
1 O04379 (/IGI)
Defense response to Gram-negative bacterium GO:0050829
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-negative bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.
1 O76922 (/IMP)
Meiotic cell cycle GO:0051321
Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions.
1 A2CEI6 (/IMP)
Histone H3-K9 methylation GO:0051567
The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 9 of the histone.
1 Q9ZVD5 (/IMP)
Regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation GO:0051570
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 9 of histone H3.
1 O74957 (/IMP)
Microgametogenesis GO:0055046
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pollen grain over time, from its formation as the microspore to the mature structure.
1 Q851R2 (/IMP)
Viral gene silencing in virus induced gene silencing GO:0060145
The posttranscriptional gene silencing of viral genes after viral infection.
1 Q9SJK3 (/IGI)
Viral gene silencing in virus induced gene silencing GO:0060145
The posttranscriptional gene silencing of viral genes after viral infection.
1 O04379 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of meiosis I GO:0060903
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of meiosis I, a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the first phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two daughter cells.
1 Q8CDG1 (/IMP)
Heterochromatin assembly involved in chromatin silencing by small RNA GO:0070924
The process in which an siRNA-associated RNA-induced silencing complex (siRISC) associates with nascent transcripts and RNA polymerase to induce the formation of heterochromatin.
1 O74957 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of histone H3-K14 acetylation GO:0071442
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone.
1 Q8CDG1 (/IMP)
RNA-directed DNA methylation GO:0080188
An epigenetic RNA-based gene silencing process first elucidated in plants whereby 24-nt small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) guide DNA methyltransferases to the siRNA-generating genomic loci and other loci that are homologous to the siRNAs for de novo DNA methylation. In general this process consists of three phases: biogenesis of siRNAs, scaffold RNA production, and the formation of the guiding complex that recruits de novo DNA methyltransferases to the target loci.
1 Q9ZVD5 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of methylation-dependent chromatin silencing GO:0090309
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the repression of transcription by methylation of DNA, leading to the formation of heterochromatin.
1 Q9VKM1 (/IMP)
RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis, endonucleolytic GO:0090502
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the hydrolysis of internal 3',5'-phosphodiester bonds in one or two strands of ribonucleotides.
1 O74957 (/IDA)
Cellular response to virus GO:0098586
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.
1 Q9VUQ5 (/IMP)
Regulation of shoot apical meristem development GO:1902183
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shoot apical meristem development.
1 Q9XGW1 (/IMP)
Megasporocyte differentiation GO:1904159
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a megasporocyte.
1 Q84VQ0 (/IMP)
Positive regulation of histone H3-K9 acetylation GO:2000617
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 acetylation.
1 Q8CDG1 (/IDA)

There are 45 GO terms relating to "cellular component"

The search results have been sorted with the annotations that are found most frequently at the top of the list. The results can be filtered by typing text into the search box at the top of the table.
GO Term Annotations Evidence
Cytoplasm GO:0005737
All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
13 A2CEI6 (/IDA) G5EC94 (/IDA) G5ED77 (/IDA) O04379 (/IDA) O76922 (/IDA) Q69VD5 (/IDA) Q7PLK0 (/IDA) Q84VQ0 (/IDA) Q8CDG1 (/IDA) Q8CGT6 (/IDA)
(3 more)
P granule GO:0043186
A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes.
10 A2CEI6 (/ISS) A6N7Y9 (/ISS) A6P7L8 (/ISS) A8KBF3 (/ISS) P34681 (/ISS) Q4G033 (/ISS) Q7Z3Z4 (/ISS) Q8TC59 (/ISS) Q96J94 (/ISS) Q9JMB7 (/ISS)
Nucleus GO:0005634
A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
9 A2CEI6 (/IDA) O04379 (/IDA) O48771 (/IDA) Q84VQ0 (/IDA) Q8CGT6 (/IDA) Q9JMB7 (/IDA) Q9SHF3 (/IDA) Q9VKM1 (/IDA) Q9VUQ5 (/IDA)
Cytoplasm GO:0005737
All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
8 A6N7Y9 (/ISS) A6P7L8 (/ISS) A8KBF3 (/ISS) P34681 (/ISS) Q4G033 (/ISS) Q7Z3Z4 (/ISS) Q8TC59 (/ISS) Q96J94 (/ISS)
Cytosol GO:0005829
The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
7 O04379 (/IDA) O74957 (/IDA) Q7PLK0 (/IDA) Q9SHF3 (/IDA) Q9SJK3 (/IDA) Q9VKM1 (/IDA) Q9VUQ5 (/IDA)
P granule GO:0043186
A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes.
7 A2CEI6 (/IDA) G5EC94 (/IDA) G5ED77 (/IDA) O76922 (/IDA) Q7PLK0 (/IDA) Q8CDG1 (/IDA) Q8CGT6 (/IDA)
Pi-body GO:0071546
A P granule that contains the PIWIL2-TDRD1 module, a set of proteins that act in the primary piRNA pathway. The pi-body corresponds to the cementing material between mitochondria found in gonocytes.
4 A2CEI6 (/ISS) A6P7L8 (/ISS) A8KBF3 (/ISS) Q8TC59 (/ISS)
PET complex GO:1990923
A protein complex that is composed of at least EXD1, TDRD12 and some PIWI protein. The complex is required for MILI slicing-triggered biogenesis and loading of MIWI2 piRNAs
4 A2CEI6 (/ISS) A6P7L8 (/ISS) A8KBF3 (/ISS) Q8TC59 (/ISS)
Cytosol GO:0005829
The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
3 Q8CDG1 (/TAS) Q8CGT6 (/TAS) Q9JMB7 (/TAS)
Nucleus GO:0005634
A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
2 Q4G033 (/ISS) Q7Z3Z4 (/ISS)
Nucleoplasm GO:0005654
That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
2 Q9VKM1 (/IDA) Q9ZVD5 (/IDA)
Nucleoplasm GO:0005654
That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
2 Q8CGT6 (/TAS) Q9VKM1 (/TAS)
Chromatoid body GO:0033391
A ribonucleoprotein complex found in the cytoplasm of male germ cells, composed of exceedingly thin filaments that are consolidated into a compact mass or into dense strands of varying thickness that branch to form an irregular network. Contains mRNAs, miRNAs, and protein components involved in miRNA processing (such as Argonaute proteins and the endonuclease Dicer) and in RNA decay (such as the decapping enzyme DCP1a and GW182).
2 Q8CDG1 (/IDA) Q9JMB7 (/IDA)
Chromatoid body GO:0033391
A ribonucleoprotein complex found in the cytoplasm of male germ cells, composed of exceedingly thin filaments that are consolidated into a compact mass or into dense strands of varying thickness that branch to form an irregular network. Contains mRNAs, miRNAs, and protein components involved in miRNA processing (such as Argonaute proteins and the endonuclease Dicer) and in RNA decay (such as the decapping enzyme DCP1a and GW182).
2 Q8TC59 (/ISS) Q96J94 (/ISS)
PiP-body GO:0071547
A P granule that contains the PIWIL4-TDRD9 module, a set of proteins that act in the secondary piRNA pathway.
2 Q4G033 (/ISS) Q7Z3Z4 (/ISS)
Dense body GO:0097433
An electron dense body which may contain granules.
2 Q8CDG1 (/IDA) Q9JMB7 (/IDA)
PET complex GO:1990923
A protein complex that is composed of at least EXD1, TDRD12 and some PIWI protein. The complex is required for MILI slicing-triggered biogenesis and loading of MIWI2 piRNAs
2 A8D8P8 (/IDA) Q8CDG1 (/IDA)
Chromatin GO:0000785
The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome.
1 Q9VKM1 (/IDA)
Euchromatin GO:0000791
A dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin.
1 Q9VKM1 (/IDA)
Nucleus GO:0005634
A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
1 Q9VKM1 (/TAS)
Polytene chromosome GO:0005700
A type of chromosome in a polyploid cell, formed when multiple copies of homologous chromosomes are aligned side by side to give a giant chromosome in which distinct chromosome bands are readily visible.
1 Q9VKM1 (/IDA)
Nuclear euchromatin GO:0005719
The dispersed less dense form of chromatin in the interphase nucleus. It exists in at least two forms, a some being in the form of transcriptionally active chromatin which is the least condensed, while the rest is inactive euchromatin which is more condensed than active chromatin but less condensed than heterochromatin.
1 Q9ZVD5 (/IDA)
Nucleolus GO:0005730
A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.
1 Q9ZVD5 (/IDA)
Nucleolus GO:0005730
A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.
1 Q851R2 (/IMP)
Nucleolus organizer region GO:0005731
A region of a chromosome where nucleoli form during interphase, and where genes encoding the largest rRNA precursor transcript are tandemly arrayed.
1 Q851R2 (/IMP)
Cytoplasm GO:0005737
All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
1 Q851R2 (/RCA)
Cytoplasm GO:0005737
All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
1 O04379 (/TAS)
Mitochondrion GO:0005739
A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
1 Q7PLK0 (/IDA)
Chromocenter GO:0010369
A region in which centric, heterochromatic portions of one or more chromosomes form a compact structure.
1 Q9VKM1 (/IDA)
Perinucleolar chromocenter GO:0010370
A chromocenter adjacent to the nucleolus.
1 Q8CDG1 (/IDA)
Cajal body GO:0015030
A class of nuclear body, first seen after silver staining by Ramon y Cajal in 1903, enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors; ultrastructurally, they appear as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter; involved in aspects of snRNP biogenesis; the protein coilin serves as a marker for Cajal bodies. Some argue that Cajal bodies are the sites for preassembly of transcriptosomes, unitary particles involved in transcription and processing of RNA.
1 Q9ZVD5 (/IDA)
RISC complex GO:0016442
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains members of the Argonaute family of proteins, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs), and miRNA or siRNA-complementary mRNAs, in addition to a number of accessory factors. The RISC complex is involved in posttranscriptional repression of gene expression through downregulation of translation or induction of mRNA degradation.
1 Q9VUQ5 (/IDA)
RISC complex GO:0016442
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains members of the Argonaute family of proteins, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs), and miRNA or siRNA-complementary mRNAs, in addition to a number of accessory factors. The RISC complex is involved in posttranscriptional repression of gene expression through downregulation of translation or induction of mRNA degradation.
1 Q9VUQ5 (/TAS)
RITS complex GO:0030958
A protein complex required for heterochromatin assembly; contains an Argonaute homolog, a chromodomain protein, and at least one additional protein; named for RNA-induced initiation of transcriptional gene silencing.
1 O74957 (/IDA)
Nuclear pericentric heterochromatin GO:0031618
Nuclear heterochromatin that is located adjacent to the CENP-A rich centromere 'central core' and characterized by the modified histone H3K9me3.
1 O74957 (/IDA)
Telomeric heterochromatin GO:0031933
Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at the telomeres.
1 Q9VKM1 (/IDA)
Mating-type region heterochromatin GO:0031934
Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at silenced mating-type loci.
1 O74957 (/IDA)
ARC complex GO:0033167
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains members of the Argonaute family of proteins, additional protein subunits, and duplex siRNA; required for heterochromatin assembly and siRNA generation. Possibly involved in the conversion of ds siRNA to ss siRNA.
1 O74957 (/IDA)
RISC-loading complex GO:0070578
A trimeric protein complex required for the formation of a mature RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). In humans the complex is composed of the endonuclease Dicer (DICER1), TRBP (TARBP2) and the Argonaute protein Ago2 (EIF2C2/AGO2). Within the complex, Dicer and TRBP are required to process precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) to mature miRNAs and then load them onto Ago2. Ago2 bound to the mature miRNA constitutes the minimal RISC and may subsequently dissociate from Dicer and TRBP. This complex has endoribonuclease activity.
1 Q9VUQ5 (/IDA)
Yb body GO:0070725
A cytoplasmic part that appears as an electron-dense sphere of around 1.5 micron diameter containing Yb protein found in somatic cells of ovary and testis. There are one to two Yb bodies per cell.
1 Q9VKM1 (/IPI)
Precatalytic spliceosome GO:0071011
A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the recruitment of a preassembled U5-containing tri-snRNP to the prespliceosome. Although all 5 snRNPs are present, the precatalytic spliceosome is catalytically inactive. The precatalytic spliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs.
1 O76922 (/IDA)
Catalytic step 2 spliceosome GO:0071013
A spliceosomal complex that contains three snRNPs, including U5, bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs.
1 O76922 (/IDA)
Pi-body GO:0071546
A P granule that contains the PIWIL2-TDRD1 module, a set of proteins that act in the primary piRNA pathway. The pi-body corresponds to the cementing material between mitochondria found in gonocytes.
1 Q8CDG1 (/IDA)
PiP-body GO:0071547
A P granule that contains the PIWIL4-TDRD9 module, a set of proteins that act in the secondary piRNA pathway.
1 Q8CGT6 (/IDA)
Nuclear subtelomeric heterochromatin GO:1990707
Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at the subtelomeric regions of a chromosome in the nucleus.
1 O74957 (/IDA)